注解实现一对一mysql,Hibernate注解配置一对一、一对多实例

使用Hibernate注解开发学生选课系统、其中共有4张表：

1、课程表Course：表明存在哪些课程。

2、学生表Student：记录学生信息。

3、选课表sc：此表为学生选课的记录，维护学生和课程的多对多关系。

4、教师表teacher：记录教师信息，一个老师只教一门课，但一门课程可以由多个老师教授，与课程表为一对多的关系。

开发流程：

导入Hibernate相关jar包

image.png

2.配置hibernate的核心文件hibernate.cfg.xml

/p>

"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"

"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring?characterEncoding=utf8

root

1234

10

true

true

update

org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

3.编写实体类

Course:

package com.lj.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;

import javax.persistence.JoinTable;

import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;

import javax.persistence.OneToMany;

@Entity

public class Course {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private int id;

private String name;

@ManyToMany

@JoinTable(name="sc",

joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="cid"),

inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="sid"))

private Set students = new HashSet<>();

//mappedBy表示此表为从表，关系由对方维护相当于inverse="true"

@OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL,mappedBy="course")

private Set teachers = new HashSet<>();

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Set getStudents() {

return students;

}

public void setStudents(Set students) {

this.students = students;

}

public Set getTeachers() {

return teachers;

}

public void setTeachers(Set teachers) {

this.teachers = teachers;

}

}

Teacher:

package com.lj.entity;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;

import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;

@Entity

public class Teacher {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private int id;

private String name;

@ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)

@JoinColumn(name="course_id")

private Course course;

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Course getCourse () {

return course;

}

public void setCourse (Course course) {

this.course = course;

}

}

Student:

package com.lj.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;

import javax.persistence.JoinTable;

import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Cascade;

import org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType;

@Entity

public class Student {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)

private int id;

private String name;

@ManyToMany

//设置级联操作

@Cascade(CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE)

//配置中间表sc，joinColumns为本表在sc的字段，inverseJoinColumns为对方表在sc的字段

@JoinTable(name="sc",

joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="sid"),

inverseJoinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="cid"))

private Set courses = new HashSet<>();

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Set getCourses() {

return courses;

}

public void setCourses(Set courses) {

this.courses = courses;

}

}

注意在使用注解的方法开发给entity类添加注解的时候一定注意注解要么全写在属性上要么全写在get方法上一定不要混着写否则会出现以下错误:

Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: Could not determine type for: java.util.List, at table...

编写测试类：

public class ManyTableTest {

private Configuration cfg;

private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

private Session session;

private Transaction tx;

@Before

public void common(){

cfg = new Configuration().configure();

sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();

session = sessionFactory.openSession();

tx = session.beginTransaction();

}

@Test

public void testManyToMany(){

Teacher teacher1 =new Teacher();

teacher1.setName("张老师");

Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher();

teacher2.setName("李老师");

Course course1 = new Course();

course1.setName("语文");

teacher1.setCourse(course1);

Course course2 = new Course();

course2.setName("数学");

Student student1 = new Student();

student1.setName("小明");

Student student2 = new Student();

student2.setName("小刚");

//小明选了语文和数学课

student1.getCourses().add(course1);

student1.getCourses().add(course2);

//数学课添加了小刚

course2.getStudents().add(student2);

session.save(teacher1);

session.save(teacher2);

session.save(course1);

session.save(course2);

session.save(student1);

session.save(student2);

}

@After

public void after(){

tx.commit();

session.close();

sessionFactory.close();

}

}