python语言中type是什么意思,python中的type和type .__ new__有什么区别？

I was writing a metaclass and accidentally did it like this:

class MetaCls(type):

def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):

return type(name, bases, dict)

...instead of like this:

class MetaCls(type):

def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):

return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict)

What exactly is the difference between these two metaclasses? And more specifically, what caused the first one to not work properly (some classes weren't called into by the metaclass)?

解决方案

In the first example you're creating a whole new class:

>>> class MetaA(type):

... def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):

... print 'MetaA.__new__'

... return type(name, bases, dct)

... def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):

... print 'MetaA.__init__'

...

>>> class A(object):

... __metaclass__ = MetaA

...

MetaA.__new__

>>>

while in the second case you're calling parent's __new__:

>>> class MetaA(type):

... def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):

... print 'MetaA.__new__'

... return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dct)

... def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):

... print 'MetaA.__init__'

...

>>> class A(object):

... __metaclass__ = MetaA

...

MetaA.__new__

MetaA.__init__

>>>