oracle jni getintarrayelements,JNI 学习笔记

JNI 学习笔记

1.概述

Java Native Interface(JNI) 是JDK提供的一个native编程接口。JNI 允许Java程序调用其他语言编写的程序或者代码库, 比如C/C++。Java 在内存管理和性能上有一定的局限,通过JNI我们就可以利用Native程序来克服这些限制。

2.一个简单的demo

通过一个简单的Demo我们来看一下Native 与 Java 的互相调用。

Java :HelloJNI.java

public class HelloJNI {

static {

System.loadLibrary("hello"); // Load native library at runtime

// hello.dll (Windows) or libhello.so (Unixes)

}

// Declare a native method sayHello() that receives nothing and returns void

private native void sayHello();

// Test Driver

public static void main(String[] args) {

new HelloJNI().sayHello(); // invoke the native method

}

}

执行 javac HelloJNI.java 编译java 文件

C:

创建头文件:HelloJNI.h, 可以通过javah 工具自动生成:

执行:>javah HelloJNI 这里HelloJNI指的是编译后的.class文件

/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */

#include

/* Header for class HelloJNI */

#ifndef _Included_HelloJNI

#define _Included_HelloJNI

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C" {

#endif

/*

* Class: HelloJNI

* Method: sayHello

* Signature: ()V

*/

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_HelloJNI_sayHello(JNIEnv *, jobject);

#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif

#endif

C 程序实现:

#include

#include

#include "HelloJNI.h"

// Implementation of native method sayHello() of HelloJNI class

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_HelloJNI_sayHello(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) {

printf("Hello World!\n");

return;

}

简单解析:

Java 调用Native , 需要:

通过System.loadLibrary("hello") 方法加载native 模块"Hello"(该模块包含了syHello()方法)。

声明native 方法 : private native void sayHello();

在main方法中调用

C/C++ 需要实现:

定义头文件, 可以通过javah自动生成: javah HelloJNI , 我们可以看到对应java中定义的sayHello()方法, 在头文件中生成了JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_HelloJNI_sayHello(JNIEnv *, jobject);方法。其格式可以概括为JNIEXPORT JNICALL Java___(JNIEnv *, jobject,); 包名中的(.)用下划线(_)代替。 参数中JNIEnv * 是JNI环境, 提供了许多方法, 后面我们会提到。 jobject是调用的java对象。

在C/C++文件中实现具体方法

3.JNI 基础

3.1 JNI类型

JNI 定义了以下类型来对应Java中的类型:

a. 基本类型: jni -> java

jint --> int

jbyte --> byte

jshort --> short

jlong --> long

jfloat --> float

jdouble --> double

jchar --> char

jboolean --> boolean

b. 引用类型:

jclass --> java.lang.Class

jstring --> java.lang.String

jthrowable --> java.lang.Throwable

jarray --> Java数组

3.2参数传递

3.2.1. Java 基本类型传递

对于Java 的基本类型, 我们可以直接传递参数, 在原生系统中已经定义了jxxx中的基本类型, 比如 jint, jbyte, jshort, jlong, jfloat, jdouble, jchar, jboolean 对应 Java中的 int, byte, short, long, float, double, char, boolean

在jni.h 和 win/jni_mh定义了以上8种JNI环境下的基本类型, 除此之外还额外定义了jsize

// In "win\jni_mh.h" - machine header which is machine dependent

typedef long jint;

typedef __int64 jlong;

typedef signed char jbyte;

// In "jni.h"

typedef unsigned char jboolean;

typedef unsigned short jchar;

typedef short jshort;

typedef float jfloat;

typedef double jdouble;

typedef jint jsize;

需要注意的是, jint 对应的是long类型(至少是32位的),在C语言的基本类型中, int 可能是只有16位, 这样就无法对应Java中的int类型了。 所以为保险起见, JNI编程中建议在C/C++程序中使用jint代替int.

3.2.2. String 类型传递

JNI 中定义了 jstring 类型代替Java中的String 类型,String 类型的传递相比基本类型要复杂, 因为在Java中String 是个对象, 而在c中, string 是个 char类型数组。所以在传递String类型的时候, 在String(被jstring替换) 类型和 (char*)类型之间做转化。

JNI环境提供了一些转换方法, 可以通过JNIEnv* 参数调用这些转化方法:

从jstring 中获取c-string, 即char* : const char* GetStringUTFChars(JNIEnv*, jstring, jboolean*)

从C-string(char*) 中获取jstring : jstring NewStringUTF(JNIEnv*, char*)

JNI Native String Functions

JNI 支持unicode(16位)编码和utf-8(1-3个字节)编码的string 类型转换, utf-8 编码的string 和 C-string(char*)的行为类似, 在 C/C++程序中使用。

UTF-8 strings的转换方法

// UTF-8 String (encoded to 1-3 byte, backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII)

// Can be mapped to null-terminated char-array C-string

const char * GetStringUTFChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, jboolean *isCopy);

// Returns a pointer to an array of bytes representing the string in modified UTF-8 encoding.

void ReleaseStringUTFChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, const char *utf);

// Informs the VM that the native code no longer needs access to utf.

jstring NewStringUTF(JNIEnv *env, const char *bytes);

// Constructs a new java.lang.String object from an array of characters in modified UTF-8 encoding.

jsize GetStringUTFLength(JNIEnv *env, jstring string);

// Returns the length in bytes of the modified UTF-8 representation of a string.

void GetStringUTFRegion(JNIEnv *env, jstring str, jsize start, jsize length, char *buf);

// Translates len number of Unicode characters beginning at offset start into modified UTF-8 encoding

// and place the result in the given buffer buf.

GetStringUTFChars() 方法可以用于通过 jstring 创建一个 C-string (char*), 如果内存无法分配, 则返回NULL。

其中第三个参数isCopy 如果设为JNI_TRUE , 则返回结果是原始Java String 的拷贝, 如果设为JNI_FALSE, 则直接返回 Java String 的地址, 然而在这种情况下, 无法对string内容进行修改。JNI在运行时会试图返回指针, 如果可以的话,否则会返回一个拷贝。 通常情况下, 我们并不关心底层string 的内容呢, 所以通常都设为 NULL。

当你不需要使用该方法返回的结果时, 可以调用 ReleaseStringUTFChars() 来释放内存以及引用。

NewStringUTF() 方法则是通过c-string 创建一个 JNI String (jstring)

Unicode String

// Unicode Strings (16-bit character)

const jchar * GetStringChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, jboolean *isCopy);

// Returns a pointer to the array of Unicode characters

void ReleaseStringChars(JNIEnv *env, jstring string, const jchar *chars);

// Informs the VM that the native code no longer needs access to chars.

jstring NewString(JNIEnv *env, const jchar *unicodeChars, jsize length);

// Constructs a new java.lang.String object from an array of Unicode characters.

jsize GetStringLength(JNIEnv *env, jstring string);

// Returns the length (the count of Unicode characters) of a Java string.

void GetStringRegion(JNIEnv *env, jstring str, jsize start, jsize length, jchar *buf);

// Copies len number of Unicode characters beginning at offset start to the given buffer buf

对与Unicode 编码的类型, 使用jchar* 代替 char* 存储字符。

3.2.3 基本类型的数组传递

在Java中, 数组是一个引用类型, 像一个类。 Java 数组有9种, 除了8种基本类型的数组外, 还有一类对象数组, 即java.lang.Object类型的数组。 在JNI 中定义了 8种基本类型的数组对应Java 的8种基本类型数组,jintArray, jbyteArray, jshortArray, jlongArray, jfloatArray, jdoubleArray, jcharArray, jbooleanArray , 和一种对象数组jobjectArray对应Java中的对象数组。

因此, 你需要在数组传递是处理JNI 数组和Native数组之间的转换, 比如 jintArray jint[], jdoubleArray jdouble[] 等。 JNI 环境已经提供了一些转换方法, 以jintArray为例:

jintArray(JNI) --> (Native)jint[] : jint* GetIntArrayElements(JNIEnv *env, jintArray a, jboolean *iscopy)

jint[] --> jintArray : 调用 jintArray NewIntArray(JNIEnv *env, jsize len) 分配内存, 然后调用 SetIntArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, jintArray a, jsize start, jsize len, const jint *buf) 将jin[] 拷贝到 jintArray

JNI 中有8组上述方法, 分别对应8中基本类型:

// ArrayType: jintArray, jbyteArray, jshortArray, jlongArray, jfloatArray, jdoubleArray, jcharArray, jbooleanArray

// PrimitiveType: int, byte, short, long, float, double, char, boolean

// NativeType: jint, jbyte, jshort, jlong, jfloat, jdouble, jchar, jboolean

NativeType * GetArrayElements(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, jboolean *isCopy);

void ReleaseArrayElements(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, NativeType *elems, jint mode);

void GetArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, jsize start, jsize length, NativeType *buffer);

void SetArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, ArrayType array, jsize start, jsize length, const NativeType *buffer);

ArrayType NewArray(JNIEnv *env, jsize length);

void * GetPrimitiveArrayCritical(JNIEnv *env, jarray array, jboolean *isCopy);

void ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical(JNIEnv *env, jarray array, void *carray, jint mode);

GET|ReleaseArrayElements() 用于根据jxxxArray创建 jxxx[]

GET|SetArrayRegion() 可以用于拷贝一个jxxxArray(或者其中一部分)到一个 预分配(pre-allocated)存储的 jxxx[]

NewArray() 用于为jxxxArray分配内存, 然后调用 SetArrayRegion() 方法 将jxxx[] 设值。

Get|ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical() 则是在get 和 release周期之间, 不允许阻塞调用(blocking calls)。

Example:

java:

public class TestJNIPrimitiveArray {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// Declare a native method sumAndAverage() that receives an int[] and

// return a double[2] array with [0] as sum and [1] as average

private native double[] sumAndAverage(int[] numbers);

// Test Driver

public static void main(String args[]) {

int[] numbers = {22, 33, 33};

double[] results = new TestJNIPrimitiveArray().sumAndAverage(numbers);

System.out.println("In Java, the sum is " + results[0]);

System.out.println("In Java, the average is " + results[1]);

}

}

c:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNIPrimitiveArray.h"

JNIEXPORT jdoubleArray JNICALL Java_TestJNIPrimitiveArray_sumAndAverage

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jintArray inJNIArray) {

// Step 1: Convert the incoming JNI jintarray to C's jint[]

jint *inCArray = (*env)->GetIntArrayElements(env, inJNIArray, NULL);

if (NULL == inCArray) return NULL;

jsize length = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, inJNIArray);

// Step 2: Perform its intended operations

jint sum = 0;

int i;

for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {

sum += inCArray[i];

}

jdouble average = (jdouble)sum / length;

(*env)->ReleaseIntArrayElements(env, inJNIArray, inCArray, 0); // release resources

jdouble outCArray[] = {sum, average};

// Step 3: Convert the C's Native jdouble[] to JNI jdoublearray, and return

jdoubleArray outJNIArray = (*env)->NewDoubleArray(env, 2); // allocate

if (NULL == outJNIArray) return NULL;

(*env)->SetDoubleArrayRegion(env, outJNIArray, 0 , 2, outCArray); // copy

return outJNIArray;

}

Native程序的处理可以概括为3个步骤:

Step1: 将传入的jxxxArray 转换成 Native 的jxxx[]

Step2: 对jxxx[]进行必要处理, 实现期望的功能

Step3:将Native结果 转换成 jxxxArray返回

4. 访问Java对象中的成员和回调方法

4.1 访问对象中的成员变量

JNI 环境提供了一些访问成员变量的方法如下:

jclass GetObjectClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj);

// Returns the class of an object.

jfieldID GetFieldID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig);

// Returns the field ID for an instance variable of a class.

NativeType GetField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID);

void SetField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldID, NativeType value);

// Get/Set the value of an instance variable of an object

// includes each of the eight primitive types plus Object.

通过以上方法,我们就可以实现在Native代码中访问Java对象的成员变量了, 具体实现可以概括为以下几个步骤:

Step1: 通过GetObjectClass() 方法获取该对象的类的引用;

Step2: 通过GetFieldID() 方法从类引用中(Step1得到该引用)获取FieldID; 调用该方法需要传入成员变量的名称和对应field的描述(descriptor)(或者签名(signature))。描述的内容具体如下:

对于一个Java类而言, Field 的描述格式为"L;", 以(/) 代替包名中的(.)。比如String 类型的descrtptor为"Ljava/lang/String;"。(分号不能漏!!!)

对于基本类型, "I" --> int, "B" --> byte, "S" --> short, "J" --> long, "F" --> float, "D" --> double, "C" --> char, "Z" --> boolean.

对于数组而言, 对象数组以"["作为前缀, 比如"[Ljava/lang/Object;"为一个Object数组的描述,[I 为int的描述。

基于FieldID, 我们可以通过GetObjectField() 或者GetField() 方法访问实例的成员变量。

更新实例中成员变量的值, 可以通过SetObjectField() 或者 SetField() 来修改内容, 这里需要传入参数FieldID.

Example:

java:

public class TestJNIInstanceVariable {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// Instance variables

private int number = 88;

private String message = "Hello from Java";

// Declare a native method that modifies the instance variables

private native void modifyInstanceVariable();

// Test Driver

public static void main(String args[]) {

TestJNIInstanceVariable test = new TestJNIInstanceVariable();

test.modifyInstanceVariable();

System.out.println("In Java, int is " + test.number);

System.out.println("In Java, String is " + test.message);

}

}

C:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNIInstanceVariable.h"

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestJNIInstanceVariable_modifyInstanceVariable

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) {

// Get a reference to this object's class

jclass thisClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thisObj);

// int

// Get the Field ID of the instance variables "number"

jfieldID fidNumber = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, thisClass, "number", "I");

if (NULL == fidNumber) return;

// Get the int given the Field ID

jint number = (*env)->GetIntField(env, thisObj, fidNumber);

printf("In C, the int is %d\n", number);

// Change the variable

number = 99;

(*env)->SetIntField(env, thisObj, fidNumber, number);

// Get the Field ID of the instance variables "message"

jfieldID fidMessage = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, thisClass, "message", "Ljava/lang/String;");

if (NULL == fidMessage) return;

// String

// Get the object given the Field ID

jstring message = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thisObj, fidMessage);

// Create a C-string with the JNI String

const char *cStr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, message, NULL);

if (NULL == cStr) return;

printf("In C, the string is %s\n", cStr);

(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, message, cStr);

// Create a new C-string and assign to the JNI string

message = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from C");

if (NULL == message) return;

// modify the instance variables

(*env)->SetObjectField(env, thisObj, fidMessage, message);

}

4.2 访问类的静态变量

访问静态变量与访问成员变量类似, 只是调用的方法不同, 比如 GetStaticFieldID(), Get|SetStaticObjectField(), Get|SetStaticField() :

jfieldID GetStaticFieldID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig);

// Returns the field ID for a static variable of a class.

NativeType GetStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID);

void SetStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jfieldID fieldID, NativeType value);

// Get/Set the value of a static variable of a class.

// includes each of the eight primitive types plus Object.

Example:

Java:

public class TestJNIStaticVariable {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // nyjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// Static variables

private static double number = 55.66;

// Declare a native method that modifies the static variable

private native void modifyStaticVariable();

// Test Driver

public static void main(String args[]) {

TestJNIStaticVariable test = new TestJNIStaticVariable();

test.modifyStaticVariable();

System.out.println("In Java, the double is " + number);

}

}

C:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNIStaticVariable.h"

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestJNIStaticVariable_modifyStaticVariable

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) {

// Get a reference to this object's class

jclass cls = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thisObj);

// Read the int static variable and modify its value

jfieldID fidNumber = (*env)->GetStaticFieldID(env, cls, "number", "D");

if (NULL == fidNumber) return;

jdouble number = (*env)->GetStaticDoubleField(env, cls, fidNumber);

printf("In C, the double is %f\n", number);

number = 77.88;

(*env)->SetStaticDoubleField(env, cls, fidNumber, number);

}

4.3 Native回调Java成员方法和静态方法

Native 回调 Java实例成员方法

Step1: 通过GetObjectClass() 获取类的引用

Step2: 从引用中获取 MethodID, 通过调用GetMethodID(). 这里需要传入方法名和签名。 签名的格式为"(parameters)return-type".,即(参数类型...)返回类型。 你可以使用javap工具列出一个类中方法的签名,-s 打印签名, -p 现实私有方法:

> javap --help

> javap -s -p TestJNICallBackMethod

.......

private void callback();

Signature: ()V

private void callback(java.lang.String);

Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V

private double callbackAverage(int, int);

Signature: (II)D

private static java.lang.String callbackStatic();

Signature: ()Ljava/lang/String;

.......

Step3: 基于Method ID , 就可以通过调用 CallMethod() or CallVoidMethod() or CallObjectMethod()方法回调Java实例中的成员方法。

回调静态的方法步骤与毁掉成员方法类似, 只是方法不同。 JNI 中提供的方法如下:

jmethodID GetMethodID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig);

// Returns the method ID for an instance method of a class or interface.

NativeType CallMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, ...);

NativeType CallMethodA(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args);

NativeType CallMethodV(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args);

// Invoke an instance method of the object.

// The includes each of the eight primitive and Object.

jmethodID GetStaticMethodID(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, const char *name, const char *sig);

// Returns the method ID for an instance method of a class or interface.

NativeType CallStaticMethod(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, ...);

NativeType CallStaticMethodA(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args);

NativeType CallStaticMethodV(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jmethodID methodID, va_list args);

// Invoke an instance method of the object.

// The includes each of the eight primitive and Object.

Example:

Java:

public class TestJNICallBackMethod {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// Declare a native method that calls back the Java methods below

private native void nativeMethod();

// To be called back by the native code

private void callback() {

System.out.println("In Java");

}

private void callback(String message) {

System.out.println("In Java with " + message);

}

private double callbackAverage(int n1, int n2) {

return ((double)n1 + n2) / 2.0;

}

// Static method to be called back

private static String callbackStatic() {

return "From static Java method";

}

// Test Driver

public static void main(String args[]) {

new TestJNICallBackMethod().nativeMethod();

}

}

C:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNICallBackMethod.h"

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestJNICallBackMethod_nativeMethod

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj) {

// Get a class reference for this object

jclass thisClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thisObj);

// Get the Method ID for method "callback", which takes no arg and return void

jmethodID midCallBack = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, thisClass, "callback", "()V");

if (NULL == midCallBack) return;

printf("In C, call back Java's callback()\n");

// Call back the method (which returns void), baed on the Method ID

(*env)->CallVoidMethod(env, thisObj, midCallBack);

jmethodID midCallBackStr = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, thisClass,

"callback", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V");

if (NULL == midCallBackStr) return;

printf("In C, call back Java's called(String)\n");

jstring message = (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from C");

(*env)->CallVoidMethod(env, thisObj, midCallBackStr, message);

jmethodID midCallBackAverage = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, thisClass,

"callbackAverage", "(II)D");

if (NULL == midCallBackAverage) return;

jdouble average = (*env)->CallDoubleMethod(env, thisObj, midCallBackAverage, 2, 3);

printf("In C, the average is %f\n", average);

jmethodID midCallBackStatic = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, thisClass,

"callbackStatic", "()Ljava/lang/String;");

if (NULL == midCallBackStatic) return;

jstring resultJNIStr = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod(env, thisClass, midCallBackStatic);

const char *resultCStr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, resultJNIStr, NULL);

if (NULL == resultCStr) return;

printf("In C, the returned string is %s\n", resultCStr);

(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, resultJNIStr, resultCStr);

}

4.4 回调重写父类的成员方法

JNI 提供的方法如下:

NativeType CallNonvirtualMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, ...);

NativeType CallNonvirtualMethodA(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args);

NativeType CallNonvirtualMethodV(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, va_list args);

具体回调实现与普通成员方法一样, 只是调用JNI提供的不同方法。

5 创建对象和对象数组

通过NewObject 方法和newObjectArray()方法, 我们可以在Native中创建jobject和 jobjectArray, 并将其返回给Java程序。

5.1 在Native程序中回调Java程序的构造函数来创建一个Java对象

回调构造方法和回调成员方法类似。首先获取构造函数的Method ID. 方法名为"", 返回类型为"V". 然后就可以通过调用NewObject() 方法调用构造函数来构建一个java对象。

JNI 提供的创建对象(jobject)的方法如下:

jclass FindClass(JNIEnv *env, const char *name);

jobject NewObject(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, ...);

jobject NewObjectA(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, const jvalue *args);

jobject NewObjectV(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls, jmethodID methodID, va_list args);

// Constructs a new Java object. The method ID indicates which constructor method to invoke

jobject AllocObject(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls);

// Allocates a new Java object without invoking any of the constructors for the object.

Example:

Java:

public class TestJNIConstructor {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// Native method that calls back the constructor and return the constructed object.

// Return an Integer object with the given int.

private native Integer getIntegerObject(int number);

public static void main(String args[]) {

TestJNIConstructor obj = new TestJNIConstructor();

System.out.println("In Java, the number is :" + obj.getIntegerObject(9999));

}

}

C:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNIConstructor.h"

JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_TestJNIConstructor_getIntegerObject

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) {

// Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer

jclass cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer");

// Get the Method ID of the constructor which takes an int

jmethodID midInit = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "", "(I)V");

if (NULL == midInit) return NULL;

// Call back constructor to allocate a new instance, with an int argument

jobject newObj = (*env)->NewObject(env, cls, midInit, number);

// Try runnning the toString() on this newly create object

jmethodID midToString = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cls, "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;");

if (NULL == midToString) return NULL;

jstring resultStr = (*env)->CallObjectMethod(env, newObj, midToString);

const char *resultCStr = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, resultStr, NULL);

printf("In C: the number is %s\n", resultCStr);

return newObj;

}

5.2 对象数组

与基本类型的数组不同, 对象数组不能批量处理, 需要通过Get|SetObjectArrayElement() 方法一一处理。

JNI 提供创建和操作对象数组的方法如下:

jobjectArray NewObjectArray(JNIEnv *env, jsize length, jclass elementClass, jobject initialElement);

// Constructs a new array holding objects in class elementClass.

// All elements are initially set to initialElement.

jobject GetObjectArrayElement(JNIEnv *env, jobjectArray array, jsize index);

// Returns an element of an Object array.

void SetObjectArrayElement(JNIEnv *env, jobjectArray array, jsize index, jobject value);

// Sets an element of an Object array.

Example

Java:

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class TestJNIObjectArray {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// Native method that receives an Integer[] and

// returns a Double[2] with [0] as sum and [1] as average

private native Double[] sumAndAverage(Integer[] numbers);

public static void main(String args[]) {

Integer[] numbers = {11, 22, 32}; // auto-box

Double[] results = new TestJNIObjectArray().sumAndAverage(numbers);

System.out.println("In Java, the sum is " + results[0]); // auto-unbox

System.out.println("In Java, the average is " + results[1]);

}

}

C:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNIObjectArray.h"

JNIEXPORT jobjectArray JNICALL Java_TestJNIObjectArray_sumAndAverage

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jobjectArray inJNIArray) {

// Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer

jclass classInteger = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer");

// Use Integer.intValue() to retrieve the int

jmethodID midIntValue = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, classInteger, "intValue", "()I");

if (NULL == midIntValue) return NULL;

// Get the value of each Integer object in the array

jsize length = (*env)->GetArrayLength(env, inJNIArray);

jint sum = 0;

int i;

for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {

jobject objInteger = (*env)->GetObjectArrayElement(env, inJNIArray, i);

if (NULL == objInteger) return NULL;

jint value = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, objInteger, midIntValue);

sum += value;

}

double average = (double)sum / length;

printf("In C, the sum is %d\n", sum);

printf("In C, the average is %f\n", average);

// Get a class reference for java.lang.Double

jclass classDouble = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Double");

// Allocate a jobjectArray of 2 java.lang.Double

jobjectArray outJNIArray = (*env)->NewObjectArray(env, 2, classDouble, NULL);

// Construct 2 Double objects by calling the constructor

jmethodID midDoubleInit = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, classDouble, "", "(D)V");

if (NULL == midDoubleInit) return NULL;

jobject objSum = (*env)->NewObject(env, classDouble, midDoubleInit, (double)sum);

jobject objAve = (*env)->NewObject(env, classDouble, midDoubleInit, average);

// Set to the jobjectArray

(*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, outJNIArray, 0, objSum);

(*env)->SetObjectArrayElement(env, outJNIArray, 1, objAve);

return outJNIArray;

}

本地引用和全局引用

JNI 将对象引用(针对jobject)根据Native中的使用情况分为两类: 本地引用(local)和全局引用(global):

本地引用在Native方法中创建, 方法结束时释放, 仅在方法内有效。当然也可以直接调用DeleteLocalRef() 方法使本地引用失效, 这样就可以马上GC了。 所有Java 程序传递到Native方法的引用都是本地引用。 所有JNI 方法返回的jobject也是本地引用。

一个全局引用在程序员将它释放之前会一直存在。JNI 提供的释放方法为DeleteGlobalRef()。同时, JNI 也提供了通过本地引用创建全局引用的方法NewGlobalRef()。

Example

Java:

public class TestJNIReference {

static {

System.loadLibrary("myjni"); // myjni.dll (Windows) or libmyjni.so (Unixes)

}

// A native method that returns a java.lang.Integer with the given int.

private native Integer getIntegerObject(int number);

// Another native method that also returns a java.lang.Integer with the given int.

private native Integer anotherGetIntegerObject(int number);

public static void main(String args[]) {

TestJNIReference test = new TestJNIReference();

System.out.println(test.getIntegerObject(1));

System.out.println(test.getIntegerObject(2));

System.out.println(test.anotherGetIntegerObject(11));

System.out.println(test.anotherGetIntegerObject(12));

System.out.println(test.getIntegerObject(3));

System.out.println(test.anotherGetIntegerObject(13));

}

}

C:

#include

#include

#include "TestJNIReference.h"

// Global Reference to the Java class "java.lang.Integer"

static jclass classInteger;

static jmethodID midIntegerInit;

jobject getInteger(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) {

// Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer if missing

if (NULL == classInteger) {

printf("Find java.lang.Integer\n");

classInteger = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer");

}

if (NULL == classInteger) return NULL;

// Get the Method ID of the Integer's constructor if missing

if (NULL == midIntegerInit) {

printf("Get Method ID for java.lang.Integer's constructor\n");

midIntegerInit = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, classInteger, "", "(I)V");

}

if (NULL == midIntegerInit) return NULL;

// Call back constructor to allocate a new instance, with an int argument

jobject newObj = (*env)->NewObject(env, classInteger, midIntegerInit, number);

printf("In C, constructed java.lang.Integer with number %d\n", number);

return newObj;

}

JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_TestJNIReference_getIntegerObject

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) {

return getInteger(env, thisObj, number);

}

JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_TestJNIReference_anotherGetIntegerObject

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thisObj, jint number) {

return getInteger(env, thisObj, number);

}

在以上程序中, 我们通过FindClass()方法获取java.lang.Integer类的引用, 并将它存储到全局的静态变量中。然而, 在下一次调用是, 这个引用将不可用(而且不为NULL), 因为FindClass() 返回的是一个局部变量, 当方法结束是就会失效。

为了解决这个问题, 我们需要通过FindClass()返回的引用创建一个全局引用:

// Get a class reference for java.lang.Integer if missing

if (NULL == classInteger) {

printf("Find java.lang.Integer\n");

// FindClass returns a local reference

jclass classIntegerLocal = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/lang/Integer");

// Create a global reference from the local reference

classInteger = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, classIntegerLocal);

// No longer need the local reference, free it!

(*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, classIntegerLocal);

}

参考资料

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