c语言链表查找成绩不及格,【查找链表面试题】面试问题：C语言学生成绩… - 看准网...

该系统基于C语言，运用了指针、结构体和文件读写等技术路线实现了一些功能：

包括(输入学生数据，修改学生数据，查找学生资料，排列学生数据，保存学生成绩，调出学生成绩，显示学生资料等7个功能)

1、首先，定义学生结构体：typedef struct Link

{

int number;

char name[10];

char sex[4];

int Chinese;

int English;

int Match;

float average;

struct Link *next;

}Student;

2、初始化学生链表：Student *InitStudent()

{

Student *Q;

Q = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));

if (Q != NULL)

{

Q->next = NULL;

return Q;

}

else

return NULL;

}

3、创建学生数据表：int CreatStudent(Student *Q)

{

int flag, n;

Student *s;

n = 0;

while (flag)

{

s = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));

if (s == NULL)

{

printf("创建失败！");

return 0;

}

printf("请输入学号(输入0退回上一步):");

scanf("%d", &s->number);

if (s->number == 0)

goto endp;

if (n == s->number)

{

printf("输入学号已存在!\n");

goto end;

}

while (s->number<0)

{

getchar();

printf("\n学号不能为小于零!");

printf("\n请输入学号,输入0退回上一步:");

scanf("%d", &s->number);

}

printf("请输入姓名:");

scanf("%s", s->name);

printf("请输入性别m/w:");

scanf("%s", s->sex);

printf("请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);

while (s->Chinese>100 || s->Chinese<0)

{

getchar();

printf("请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);

}

printf("请输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Match);

while (s->Match>100 || s->Match<0)

{

getchar();

printf("请输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Match);

}

printf("请输入英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->English);

while (s->English>100 || s->English<0)

{

getchar();

printf("请输入英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->English);

}

s->average = (s->Chinese + s->English + s->Match) / 3;

n = s->number;

s->next = Q->next;

Q->next = s;

amount++;

end: printf("是否继续输入数据:1/0\n");

scanf("%d", &flag);

}

endp:printf("创建完毕！\n");

printf("输入了%d个学生", amount);

return 1;

}

4、以学号为前提查找学生数据：Student *FindStudent(Student *Q, int x)

{

Student *q;

q = Q->next;

while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)

q = q->next;

if (q != NULL)

return q;

else

return NULL;

}

5、按科目修改学生数据：int ModifStudent(Student *Q, int x)

{

int flag, n;

Student *q;

q = Q->next;

while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)

q = q->next;

if (q != NULL)

{

while (n)

{

printf("\n修改成绩科目：1.语文 2.英语 3.数学:");

scanf("%d", &flag);

if (flag == 1)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);

while (q->Chinese>100 || q->Chinese<0)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);

}

}

else if (flag == 2)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Match);

while (q->Match>100 || q->Match<0)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请重新输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Match);

}

}

else if (flag == 3)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->English);

while (q->English>100 || q->English<0)

{

printf("\n请重新英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->English);

}

}

q->average = (q->Chinese + q->English + q->Match) / 3;

printf("\n是否继续修改数据:1/0\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

}

return 1;

}

return 0;

}

6、排列学生数据：Student *Sort(Student *Q, int course)

{

Student *p, *q, *t;

int number, Chinese, English, Match, score;

char name[10], sex[2];

if (Q->next == NULL)

{

printf("没有构造学生表！");

return NULL;

}

switch (course)

{

case 1:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)

{

t = p;

for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)

{

if (t->Chinese >= q->Chinese)

{

number = t->number;

Chinese = t->Chinese;

English = t->English;

Match = t->Match;

score = t->average;

t->number = q->number;

t->Chinese = q->Chinese;

t->English = q->English;

t->Match = q->Match;

t->average = q->average;

q->number = number;

q->Chinese = Chinese;

q->English = English;

q->Match = Match;

q->average = score;

strcpy(name, t->name);

strcpy(sex, t->sex);

strcpy(t->name, q->name);

strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);

strcpy(q->name, name);

strcpy(q->sex, sex);

t = q;

}

}

}

break;

case 2:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)

{

t = p;

for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)

{

if (t->English >= q->English)

{

number = t->number;

Chinese = t->Chinese;

English = t->English;

Match = t->Match;

score = t->average;

t->number = q->number;

t->Chinese = q->Chinese;

t->English = q->English;

t->Match = q->Match;

t->average = q->average;

q->number = number;

q->Chinese = Chinese;

q->English = English;

q->Match = Match;

q->average = score;

strcpy(name, t->name);

strcpy(sex, t->sex);

strcpy(t->name, q->name);

strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);

strcpy(q->name, name);

strcpy(q->sex, sex);

t = q;

}

}

}

break;

case 3:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)

{

t = p;

for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)

{

if (t->Match >= q->Match)

{

number = t->number;

Chinese = t->Chinese;

English = t->English;

Match = t->Match;

score = t->average;

t->number = q->number;

t->Chinese = q->Chinese;

t->English = q->English;

t->Match = q->Match;

t->average = q->average;

q->number = number;

q->Chinese = Chinese;

q->English = English;

q->Match = Match;

q->average = score;

strcpy(name, t->name);

strcpy(sex, t->sex);

strcpy(t->name, q->name);

strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);

strcpy(q->name, name);

strcpy(q->sex, sex);

t = q;

}

}

}

break;

}

return Q;

}

7、保存学生数据到文件中：int SaveStudent(Student *Q)

{

int i = 0;

Student *p;

FILE *fp;

char open[20];

p = Q->next;

printf("请输入文件路径:");

scanf("%s", open);

if ((fp = fopen(open, "w+")) == NULL)

{

printf("打开失败!");

return 0;

}

fprintf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

while (p != NULL&&i

{

i++;

fwrite(p, sizeof(Student), 1, fp);

p = p->next;

//fprintf(fp,"|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n",p->number,p->name,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->English,p->Match,p->average);

}

fclose(fp);

return 1;

}

8、输出学生数据：void print(Student *Q)

{

Student *p;

p = Q;

if (Q->next == NULL)

printf("没有学生资料!");

else

{

printf("结果为：\n");

while (p->next != NULL)

{

p = p->next;

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%0.2f\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

}

}

}

9、从文件中调出数据：void LoadStudent()

{

int flag = 1;

char FileName[20];

Student *p;

FILE *fp;

printf("请输入调出文件的路径:");

scanf("%s", FileName[20]);

if ((fp = fopen(FileName, "r+")) != NULL)

{

fscanf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

while (flag)

{

p = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));

fscanf(fp, "%d%s%s%d%d%d%d", &p->number, p->name, p->sex, &p->Chinese, &p->English, &p->Match, &p->average);

if (p->number == NULL)

flag = 0;

else

{

printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

flag = 1;

}

}

}

else

printf("调出失败！");

fclose(fp);

}

上述函数实现了程序的所有功能，以下给出全代码：#include

#include

#include

using namespace std;

/********定义学生结构体********/

typedef struct Link

{

int number;

char name[10];

char sex[4];

int Chinese;

int English;

int Match;

float average;

struct Link *next;

}Student;

int amount = 0;;//记录学生个数

/*****************************/

/***********初始化学生表*************/

Student *InitStudent()

{

Student *Q;

Q = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));

if (Q != NULL)

{

Q->next = NULL;

return Q;

}

else

return NULL;

}

/***********************************/

/**************创建学生数据表*********************/

int CreatStudent(Student *Q)

{

int flag, n;

Student *s;

n = 0;

while (flag)

{

s = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));

if (s == NULL)

{

printf("创建失败！");

return 0;

}

printf("请输入学号(输入0退回上一步):");

scanf("%d", &s->number);

if (s->number == 0)

goto endp;

if (n == s->number)

{

printf("输入学号已存在!\n");

goto end;

}

while (s->number<0)

{

getchar();

printf("\n学号不能为小于零!");

printf("\n请输入学号,输入0退回上一步:");

scanf("%d", &s->number);

}

printf("请输入姓名:");

scanf("%s", s->name);

printf("请输入性别m/w:");

scanf("%s", s->sex);

printf("请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);

while (s->Chinese>100 || s->Chinese<0)

{

getchar();

printf("请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);

}

printf("请输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Match);

while (s->Match>100 || s->Match<0)

{

getchar();

printf("请输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->Match);

}

printf("请输入英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->English);

while (s->English>100 || s->English<0)

{

getchar();

printf("请输入英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &s->English);

}

s->average = (s->Chinese + s->English + s->Match) / 3;

n = s->number;

s->next = Q->next;

Q->next = s;

amount++;

end: printf("是否继续输入数据:1/0\n");

scanf("%d", &flag);

}

endp:printf("创建完毕！\n");

printf("输入了%d个学生", amount);

return 1;

}

/******************************************/

/*********************查找学生数据，以学号为前提****************/

Student *FindStudent(Student *Q, int x)

{

Student *q;

q = Q->next;

while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)

q = q->next;

if (q != NULL)

return q;

else

return NULL;

}

/******************************************************/

/**************************修改学生数据**************************/

int ModifStudent(Student *Q, int x)

{

int flag, n;

Student *q;

q = Q->next;

while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)

q = q->next;

if (q != NULL)

{

while (n)

{

printf("\n修改成绩科目：1.语文 2.英语 3.数学:");

scanf("%d", &flag);

if (flag == 1)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);

while (q->Chinese>100 || q->Chinese<0)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);

}

}

else if (flag == 2)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Match);

while (q->Match>100 || q->Match<0)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请重新输入数学成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->Match);

}

}

else if (flag == 3)

{

getchar();

printf("\n请输入英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->English);

while (q->English>100 || q->English<0)

{

printf("\n请重新英语成绩:");

scanf("%d", &q->English);

}

}

q->average = (q->Chinese + q->English + q->Match) / 3;

printf("\n是否继续修改数据:1/0\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

}

return 1;

}

return 0;

}

/******************************************************/

/************************排列学生数据***********************/

Student *Sort(Student *Q, int course)

{

Student *p, *q, *t;

int number, Chinese, English, Match, score;

char name[10], sex[2];

if (Q->next == NULL)

{

printf("没有构造学生表！");

return NULL;

}

switch (course)

{

case 1:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)

{

t = p;

for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)

{

if (t->Chinese >= q->Chinese)

{

number = t->number;

Chinese = t->Chinese;

English = t->English;

Match = t->Match;

score = t->average;

t->number = q->number;

t->Chinese = q->Chinese;

t->English = q->English;

t->Match = q->Match;

t->average = q->average;

q->number = number;

q->Chinese = Chinese;

q->English = English;

q->Match = Match;

q->average = score;

strcpy(name, t->name);

strcpy(sex, t->sex);

strcpy(t->name, q->name);

strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);

strcpy(q->name, name);

strcpy(q->sex, sex);

t = q;

}

}

}

break;

case 2:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)

{

t = p;

for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)

{

if (t->English >= q->English)

{

number = t->number;

Chinese = t->Chinese;

English = t->English;

Match = t->Match;

score = t->average;

t->number = q->number;

t->Chinese = q->Chinese;

t->English = q->English;

t->Match = q->Match;

t->average = q->average;

q->number = number;

q->Chinese = Chinese;

q->English = English;

q->Match = Match;

q->average = score;

strcpy(name, t->name);

strcpy(sex, t->sex);

strcpy(t->name, q->name);

strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);

strcpy(q->name, name);

strcpy(q->sex, sex);

t = q;

}

}

}

break;

case 3:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)

{

t = p;

for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)

{

if (t->Match >= q->Match)

{

number = t->number;

Chinese = t->Chinese;

English = t->English;

Match = t->Match;

score = t->average;

t->number = q->number;

t->Chinese = q->Chinese;

t->English = q->English;

t->Match = q->Match;

t->average = q->average;

q->number = number;

q->Chinese = Chinese;

q->English = English;

q->Match = Match;

q->average = score;

strcpy(name, t->name);

strcpy(sex, t->sex);

strcpy(t->name, q->name);

strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);

strcpy(q->name, name);

strcpy(q->sex, sex);

t = q;

}

}

}

break;

}

return Q;

}

int SaveStudent(Student *Q)

{

int i = 0;

Student *p;

FILE *fp;

char open[20];

p = Q->next;

printf("请输入文件路径:");

scanf("%s", open);

if ((fp = fopen(open, "w+")) == NULL)

{

printf("打开失败!");

return 0;

}

fprintf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

while (p != NULL&&i

{

i++;

fwrite(p, sizeof(Student), 1, fp);

p = p->next;

//fprintf(fp,"|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n",p->number,p->name,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->English,p->Match,p->average);

}

fclose(fp);

return 1;

}

/******************************************************************/

/************************输出学生成绩*******************************************/

void print(Student *Q)

{

Student *p;

p = Q;

if (Q->next == NULL)

printf("没有学生资料!");

else

{

printf("结果为：\n");

while (p->next != NULL)

{

p = p->next;

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%0.2f\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

}

}

}

/********************************************************************************/

/********************************************************************************/

void LoadStudent()

{

int flag = 1;

char FileName[20];

Student *p;

FILE *fp;

printf("请输入调出文件的路径:");

scanf("%s", FileName[20]);

if ((fp = fopen(FileName, "r+")) != NULL)

{

fscanf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

while (flag)

{

p = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));

fscanf(fp, "%d%s%s%d%d%d%d", &p->number, p->name, p->sex, &p->Chinese, &p->English, &p->Match, &p->average);

if (p->number == NULL)

flag = 0;

else

{

printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

flag = 1;

}

}

}

else

printf("调出失败！");

fclose(fp);

}

/***************************************菜单界面********************************/

void Menu()

{

int flag, n, sure, course;

Student *Q, *p, *L;

n = 0;

Q = InitStudent();

begin:

printf("\n\t\t\t 学生管理系统(可输入汉字)\n");

printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");

printf("|1输入学生数据\t\t\t2修改学生数据\t\t\t3查找学生成绩|\n");

printf("|4排列学生数据\t\t\t5保存学生成绩\t\t\t6调出文件资料|\n");

printf("|7显示学生资料\t\t\t0结束程序 \t\t\t |\n");

printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");

printf("\n操作方式:");

scanf("%d", &flag);

switch (flag)

{

case 0:goto end; break;

case 1:CreatStudent(Q);

print(Q);

goto begin;

case 2:while (n == 0)

{

printf("请输入查找学生学号:");

scanf("%d", &n);

}

sure = ModifStudent(Q, n);

if (sure == 1)

printf("修改成功\n");

else

printf("修改失败\n");

n = 0;

goto begin;

case 3:while (n == 0)

{

printf("请输入查找学生学号:");

scanf("%d", &n);

}

p = FindStudent(Q, n);

if (p != NULL)

{

printf("\n查询结果为：\n");

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

}

else

printf("查找失败\n");

n = 0;

goto begin;

case 4:printf("请输入排序规则(输入0返回上一步)\n1.语文 2.英语 3.数学:");

scanf("%d", &course);

if (course == 0)

goto begin;

else

{

L = Sort(Q, course);

if (L != NULL)

print(L);

}

goto begin;

case 5:SaveStudent(Q);

goto begin;

case 6:LoadStudent();

goto begin;

case 7:print(Q);

goto begin;

}

end:printf("\n\t\t\t\t 学生管理系统\n");

printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");

printf("|1输入学生数据\t\t\t2修改学生数据\t\t\t3查找学生成绩|\n");

printf("|0退出程序\n");

printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");

}

/************************************结束*************************************/

/*****************************************************/

void main()

{

Menu();

}

以下给出程序运行部分截图：