C语言实现进制转换函数的实例详解
前言:
写一个二进制,八进制,十六进制转换为十进制的函数
要求:
函数有两个参数,参数(1)是要转换为十进制的进制数,参数(2)是标示参数(1)是什么进制(2,8,16标示二进制,八进制,十六进制)。
要有报错信息,比如参数是1012,但参数(2)是2,显然是进制数表示有错误。
系统表 pg_proc 存储关于函数的信息
内部函数在编译之前需要先定义在 pg_proc.h 中,src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h
CATALOG(pg_proc,1255) BKI_BOOTSTRAP BKI_ROWTYPE_OID(81) BKI_SCHEMA_MACRO
{
NameData proname; /* procedure name */ /* 函数名,sql 中 select 函数名(); */
Oid pronamespace; /* OID of namespace containing this proc */ /* 模式OID */
Oid proowner; /* procedure owner */ /* 用户OID */
Oid prolang; /* OID of pg_language entry */
float4 procost; /* estimated execution cost */ /* 估计执行成本 */
float4 prorows; /* estimated # of rows out (if proretset) */ /* 结果行估计数 */
Oid provariadic; /* element type of variadic array, or 0 */
regproc protransform; /* transforms calls to it during planning */
bool proisagg; /* is it an aggregate? */ /* 是否为聚集函数 */
bool proiswindow; /* is it a window function? */ /* 是否为窗口函数 */
bool prosecdef; /* security definer */ /* 函数是一个安全定义器,也就是一个“setuid"函数 */
bool proleakproof; /* is it a leak-proof function? */ /* 有无其他影响 */
bool proisstrict; /* strict with respect to NULLs? */ /* 遇到 NULL 值是否直接返回 NULL */
bool proretset; /* returns a set? */ /* 函数返回一个集合 */
char provolatile; /* see PROVOLATILE_ categories below */
int16 pronargs; /* number of arguments */ /* 参数个数 */
int16 pronargdefaults; /* number of arguments with defaults */ /* 默认参数的个数 */
Oid prorettype; /* OID of result type */ /* 返回参数类型OID */
/*
* variable-length fields start here, but we allow direct access to
* proargtypes
*/
oidvector proargtypes; /* parameter types (excludes OUT params) */ /* 存放函数参数类型的数组 */
#ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN
Oid proallargtypes[1]; /* all param types (NULL if IN only) */
char proargmodes[1]; /* parameter modes (NULL if IN only) */
text proargnames[1]; /* parameter names (NULL if no names) */
pg_node_tree proargdefaults;/* list of expression trees for argument
* defaults (NULL if none) */
Oid protrftypes[1]; /* types for which to apply transforms */
text prosrc BKI_FORCE_NOT_NULL; /* procedure source text */ /* 函数处理器如何调用函数,实现函数的函数名 */
text probin; /* secondary procedure info (can be NULL) */
text proconfig[1]; /* procedure-local GUC settings */
aclitem proacl[1]; /* access permissions */
#endif
} FormData_pg_proc;
在 proc.h 添加函数定义:
/* myfunc */
DATA(insert OID = 6663 ( x_to_dec PGNSP PGUID 12 1 0 0 0 f f f f t f i 2 0 23 "25 23" _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ _null_ x_to_dec _null_ _null_ _null_ ));
DESCR("x_to_dec.");
OID = 6663 /* OID 唯一,不能与其他定义 OID 重复 */
x_to_dec /* sql 中 select x_to_dec(); */
2 0 23 "25 23" /* 传递两个参数; 默认 0; 返回值类型 OID = 23; 参数1类型 OID = 25, 参数2类型 OID = 23 */
x_to_dec /* 自定义函数名 */
这里的传递参数类型和返回值类型都用的了 OID
系统表 pg_type 存储数据类型的信息
postgres=# select oid,typname from pg_type where typname = 'text' or typname = 'int4';
oid | typname
-----+---------
23 | int4
25 | text
(2 rows)
在 src/backend/utils/adt/myfuncs.c 实现自定义的函数
首先创建函数的整体部分:
Datum /* Datum 类型是PG系统函数大量引用的类型,其定义为:typedef uintptr_c Datum */
x_to_dec (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS) /* 函数名; 参数 */
{
/* 获取参数 */
text *arg1 = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
int32 arg2 = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
/** 实现功能 **/
/* 返回 */
PG_RETURN_INT32(sum);
}
这里的 PG_GETARG_XXXX() 和 PG_RETURN_XXXXX() 在 src/include/fmgr.h
知道了如何获取参数以及返回返回值,接下来是具体的实现:
Datum x_to_dec (PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
int n = 0, i = 0, sum = 0, t = 0;
text *arg1 = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
int32 arg2 = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
char *str = text_to_cstring(arg1);
n = strlen(str);
switch(arg2)
{
case 2:
for(i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if((str[i] - '0') != 1 && (str[i] - '0') != 0)
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("Please enter the correct binary number, such as '110011'.")));
}
sum += (str[i] - '0') * ((int)pow(2, n - 1 - i));
}
break;
case 8:
for(i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if(!(str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '7'))
{
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("Please enter the correct octal number, for example '34567'.")));
}
sum += (str[i] - '0') * ((int)pow(8, n - 1 - i));
}
break;
case 16:
for(i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if( !(str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9') )
{
if(str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'F')
{
// Uppercase to lowercase
str[i] = str[i] + 32;
} else if ( !(str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'f') ) {
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("Please enter the correct hexadecimal number, for example '9f'.")));
}
}
if(str[i] <= '9')
{
t = str[i] - '0';
} else {
t = str[i] - 'a' + 10;
}
sum = sum * 16 + t;
}
break;
default:
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("Out of range! The second parameter, please enter: 2, 4, 16.")));
}
PG_RETURN_INT32(sum);
}
其中用到了text_to_cstring(arg1) ,类型转换的相关函数定义在 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
/*
* text_to_cstring
*
* Create a palloc'd, null-terminated C string from a text value.
*
* We support being passed a compressed or toasted text value.
* This is a bit bogus since such values shouldn't really be referred to as
* "text *", but it seems useful for robustness. If we didn't handle that
* case here, we'd need another routine that did, anyway.
*/
char *
text_to_cstring(const text *t)
{
/* must cast away the const, unfortunately */
text *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed((struct varlena *) t);
int len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
char *result;
result = (char *) palloc(len + 1);
memcpy(result, VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked), len);
result[len] = ' ';
if (tunpacked != t)
pfree(tunpacked);
return result;
}
结果:
postgres=# select x_to_dec('111',2);
x_to_dec
----------
7
(1 row)
postgres=# select x_to_dec('aA',16);
x_to_dec
----------
170
(1 row)
postgres=# select x_to_dec('aA',1);
ERROR: Out of range! The second parameter, please enter: 2, 4, 16.
以上就是进制转换的实例,如有疑问请留言或者到本站社区交流讨论,感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!