linux与python客户端,《使用python进行unix和linux管理》§5网络 §5.1 网络客户端

§5网络

2009-9-13

磁针石：xurongzhong#gmail.com

§5.1网络客户端

§5.1.1 socket

#

python

Python

2.6.2 (r262:71600, Apr 29 2009, 14:54:06)

[GCC

3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-9)] on linux2

Type

"help", "copyright", "credits" or

"license" for more information.

>>>

import socket

>>>

s = socket.socket()

>>>

s.connect(('10.50.20.100', 80))

>>>

s.send("GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n")

16

>>>

s.recv(200)

'HTTP/1.1

200 OK\r\nDate: Tue, 26 May 2009 07:49:43 GMT\r\nServer:

Apache/2.0.52 (Red Hat)\r\nX-Powered-By: PHP/4.3.9\r\nContent-Length:

7789\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: text/html;

charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n

>>>

s.close()

以下程序检查指定的机器的制定端口是否打开，即TCP端口检测：

#

cat port_checker_tcp.py

#!/usr/bin/env

python

import

socket

import

re

import

sys

def

check_server(address, port):

#create

a TCP socket

s

= socket.socket()

print

"Attempting to connect to %s on port %s" % (address, port)

try:

s.connect((address,

port))

print

"Connected to %s on port %s" % (address, port)

return

True

except

socket.error, e:

print

"Connection to %s on port %s failed: %s" % (address, port,

e)

return

False

if

__name__ == '__main__':

from

optparse import OptionParser

parser

= OptionParser()

parser.add_option("-a",

"--address", dest="address", default='localhost',

help="ADDRESS

for server", metavar="ADDRESS")

parser.add_option("-p",

"--port", dest="port", type="int",

default=80,

help="PORT

for server", metavar="PORT")

(options,

args) = parser.parse_args()

print

'options: %s, args: %s' % (options, args)

check

= check_server(options.address, options.port)

print

'check_server returned %s' % check

sys.exit(not

check)

#

./port_checker_tcp.py -a 10.50.20.100 -p 80

options:

{'port': 80, 'address': '10.50.20.100'}, args: []

Attempting

to connect to 10.50.20.100 on port 80

Connected

to 10.50.20.100 on port 80

check_server

returned True

#

./port_checker_tcp.py -a 10.56.3.110 -p 3302

options:

{'port': 3302, 'address': '10.56.3.110'}, args: []

Attempting

to connect to 10.56.3.110 on port 3302

Connected

to 10.56.3.110 on port 3302

check_server

returned True

sys.exit(not

check)的实质是把返回值取反，以适合shell的调用。

以下程序检测socket检测web服务，检查指定网站的指定网页是否存在。

#

cat web_server_checker_tcp.py

#!/usr/bin/env

python

import

socket

import

re

import

sys

def

check_webserver(address, port, resource):

#build

up HTTP request string

if

not resource.startswith('/'):

resource

= '/' + resource

request_string

= "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s\r\n\r\n" % (resource,

address)

print

'HTTP request:'

print

'|||%s|||' % request_string

#create

a TCP socket

s

= socket.socket()

print

"Attempting to connect to %s on port %s" % (address, port)

try:

s.connect((address, port))

print

"Connected to %s on port %s" % (address, port)

s.send(request_string)

#we

should only need the first 100 bytes or so

rsp

= s.recv(100)

print

'Received 100 bytes of HTTP response'

print

'|||%s|||' % rsp

except

socket.error, e:

print

"Connection to %s on port %s failed: %s" % (address, port,

e)

return

False

finally:

#be

a good citizen and close your connection

print

"Closing the connection"

s.close()

lines

= rsp.splitlines()

print

'First line of HTTP response: %s' % lines[0]

try:

version,

status, message = re.split(r'\s+', lines[0], 2)

print

'Version: %s, Status: %s, Message: %s' % (version, status, message)

except

ValueError:

print

'Failed to split status line'

return

False

if

status in ['200', '301']:

print

'Success - status was %s' % status

return

True

else:

print

'Status was %s' % status

return

False

if

__name__ == '__main__':

from

optparse import OptionParser

parser

= OptionParser()

parser.add_option("-a",

"--address", dest="address", default='localhost',

help="ADDRESS for

webserver", metavar="ADDRESS")

parser.add_option("-p",

"--port", dest="port", type="int",

default=80,

help="PORT for webserver",

metavar="PORT")

parser.add_option("-r",

"--resource", dest="resource",

default='index.html',

help="RESOURCE to check",

metavar="RESOURCE")

(options,

args) = parser.parse_args()

print

'options: %s, args: %s' % (options, args)

check

= check_webserver(options.address, options.port, options.resource)

print

'check_webserver returned %s' % check

sys.exit(not

check)

如果有高层次的库，建议不要直接调用socket，这样耗时耗力。

§5.1.2 httplib

这里是把上边的例子用httplib实现。

#

cat web_server_checker_httplib.py

#!/usr/bin/env

python

import

httplib

import

sys

def

check_webserver(address, port, resource):

#create

connection

if

not resource.startswith('/'):

resource

= '/' + resource

try:

conn

= httplib.HTTPConnection(address, port)

print

'HTTP connection created successfully'

#make

request

req

= conn.request('GET', resource)

print

'request for %s successful' % resource

#get

response

response

= conn.getresponse()

print

'response status: %s' % response.status

except

sock.error, e:

print

'HTTP connection failed: %s' % e

return

False

finally:

conn.close()

print

'HTTP connection closed successfully'

if

response.status in [200, 301]:

return

True

else:

return

False

if

__name__ == '__main__':

from

optparse import OptionParser

parser

= OptionParser()

parser.add_option("-a",

"--address", dest="address", default='localhost',

help="ADDRESS

for webserver", metavar="ADDRESS")

parser.add_option("-p",

"--port", dest="port", type="int",

default=80,

help="PORT

for webserver", metavar="PORT")

parser.add_option("-r",

"--resource", dest="resource",

default='index.html',

help="RESOURCE

to check", metavar="RESOURCE")

(options,

args) = parser.parse_args()

print

'options: %s, args: %s' % (options, args)

check

= check_webserver(options.address, options.port, options.resource)

print

'check_webserver returned %s' % check

sys.exit(not

check)

§5.1.3 ftplib

从ftp服务器获取一个文件：

#

cat url_retrieve_ftp_ftplib.py

#!/usr/bin/env

python

from

ftplib import FTP

import

ftplib

import

sys

from

optparse import OptionParser

parser

= OptionParser()

parser.add_option("-a",

"--remote_host_address", dest="remote_host_address",

help="REMOTE

FTP HOST.",

metavar="REMOTE FTP HOST")

parser.add_option("-r",

"--remote_file", dest="remote_file",

help="REMOTE

FILE NAME to download.",

metavar="REMOTE FILE NAME")

parser.add_option("-l",

"--local_file", dest="local_file",

help="LOCAL

FILE NAME to save remote file to", metavar="LOCAL FILE

NAME")

parser.add_option("-u",

"--username", dest="username",default="Anonymous",

help="USERNAME

for ftp server", metavar="USERNAME")

parser.add_option("-p",

"--password", dest="password",default="Anonymous",

help="PASSWORD

for ftp server", metavar="PASSWORD")

(options,

args) = parser.parse_args()

if

not (options.remote_file and

options.local_file and

options.remote_host_address):

parser.error('REMOTE HOST, LOCAL

FILE NAME, ' \

'and

REMOTE FILE NAME are mandatory')

if

options.username and not options.password:

parser.error('PASSWORD is

mandatory if USERNAME is present')

ftp

= FTP(options.remote_host_address)

if

options.username:

try:

ftp.login(options.username,

options.password)

except

ftplib.error_perm, e:

print

"Login failed: %s" % e

sys.exit(1)

else:

try:

ftp.login()

except

ftplib.error_perm, e:

print

"Anonymous login failed: %s" % e

sys.exit(1)

try:

local_file

= open(options.local_file, 'wb')

ftp.retrbinary('RETR %s' %

options.remote_file, local_file.write)

finally:

local_file.close()

ftp.close()

运行示例：

#

./url_retrieve_ftp_ftplib.py -a ftp.pku.edu.cn -r welcome.msg -l

/root/welcome.msg

§5.1.3

urllib

本例子把上述例子用更高级别的urllib实现。

#

cat url_retrieve_urllib.py

#!/usr/bin/env

python

"""

url

retriever

Usage:

url_retrieve_urllib.py

URL FILENAME

URL:

If

the URL is an FTP URL the format should be:

ftp://[username[:password]@]hostname/filename

If

you want to use absolute paths to the file to download,

you

should make the URL look something like this:

ftp://user:password@host/%2Fpath/to/myfile.txt

Notice

the '%2F' at the beginning of the path to the file.

FILENAME:

absolute

or relative path to the filename to save downloaded file as

"""

import

urllib

import

sys

if

'-h' in sys.argv or '--help' in sys.argv:

print

__doc__

sys.exit(1)

if

not len(sys.argv) == 3:

print

'URL and FILENAME are mandatory'

print

__doc__

sys.exit(1)

url

= sys.argv[1]

filename

= sys.argv[2]

urllib.urlretrieve(url,

filename)

运行示例：

#

./url_retrieve_urllib.py ftp://ftp.pku.edu.cn/welcome.msg

/root/wel.msg

urllib2做了扩展，支持更好的认证和cookies。