whereis命令:locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
【功能】查找文件、手册页、命令等的相关位置,
【语法】whereis options argument
【常用选项】-b:只查找二进制文件位置
-m:只查找手册页部分
【实例1】查找二进制文件所在位置[root@perthon50 tmp]# whereis -b passwd
passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd
[root@perthon50 tmp]# whereis -b shadow
shadow: /etc/shadow /usr/include/shadow.h
【实例2】查找manual手册页[root@perthon50 tmp]# whereis -m passwd
passwd: /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5.gz
[root@perthon50 tmp]# whereis -m cd
cd: /usr/share/man/man1/cd.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/cd.1p.gz
[root@perthon50 tmp]# whereis -m sort
sort: /usr/share/man/man1/sort.1.gz /usr/share/man/man3/sort.3pm.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/sort.1p.gz
whatis命令:search the whatis database for complete words
【功能】在whatis库中搜寻特定的命令
【语法】whatis COMMAND
【实例】[root@perthon50 tmp]# whatis passwd
passwd (1) - update user's authentication tokens
passwd (5) - password file
passwd [sslpasswd] (1ssl) - compute password hashes
[root@perthon50 tmp]# whatis sort
sort (1p) - sort, merge, or sequence check text files
sort (1) - sort lines of text files
sort (3pm) - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
which命令:shows the full path of (shell) commands
【功能】查看可执行命令的路径
【语法】
which COMMAND
【实例】[root@perthon50 tmp]# which ls
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
/bin/ls
[root@perthon50 tmp]# which passwd
/usr/bin/passwd
[root@perthon50 tmp]# which cd
/usr/bin/which: no cd in (/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
[root@perthon50 tmp]# which sort
/bin/sort
[root@perthon50 tmp]# which shutdown
/sbin/shutdown