69节入门python_轻松学习Python 69个内置函数 - classmethod()

# @classmethod

# 把一个方法封装成类方法。

# 一个类方法把类自己作为第一个实参，就像一个实例方法把实例自己作为第一个实参。请用以下习惯来声明类方法:

# class C:

# @classmethod

# def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ...

# @classmethod 这样的形式称为函数的 decorator -- 详情参阅 函数定义。

class C:

@classmethod

def f(*args):

print(f'{ args = }')

print(f'{ C.f = }')

C.f()

# 类方法的调用可以在类上进行 (例如 C.f()) 也可以在实例上进行 (例如 C().f())。 其所属类以外的类实例会被忽略。 如果类方法在其所属类的派生类上调用，则该派生类对象会被作为隐含的第一个参数被传入。

#

# 类方法的调用可以在类上进行 (例如 C.f()) 也可以在实例上进行 (例如 C().f())。 其所属类以外的类实例会被忽略。

class C:

@classmethod

def f(*args):

print(f'{ args = }')

print('-'*20)

C.f()

C().f()

# 如果类方法在其所属类的派生类上调用，则该派生类对象会被作为隐含的第一个参数被传入。

class D(C):

pass

print('-'*20)

D.f()

# 类方法与 C++ 或 Java 中的静态方法不同。 如果你需要后者，请参阅本节中的 staticmethod()。 有关类方法的更多信息，请参阅 标准类型层级结构。

#

# 注意点：@classmethod是一个装饰器，Python的装饰器可以像常规函数一样调用，所以classmethod可以像常规函数一样调用

class C:

# @classmethod

def f(*args):

print(f'{ args = }')

f = classmethod(f)

print('-'*20)

C.f()

# 在 3.9 版更改: 类方法现在可以包装其他 描述器 例如 property()。

# 在 3.9 版更改: 类方法现在可以包装其他 描述器 例如 property()。

# 这句话有个隐含的信息，classmethod()是一个描述器

# Python规定任何定义了__get__ __set__ __delete__特殊方法的类为描述器类，描述器类的实例是描述器

class C:

def f(*args):

print(f'{ args = }')

f = classmethod(f)

print('-'*20)

print(f'{ C.f = }')

print(f'{ C.__dict__["f"] = }')

print(f'{ C.__dict__["f"].__get__(None, C) = }')

print(f'{ C.__dict__["f"].__get__(None, C) == C.f = }')

# class classmethod(object):

# """

# classmethod(function) -> method

#

# Convert a function to be a class method.

#

# A class method receives the class as implicit first argument,

# just like an instance method receives the instance.

# To declare a class method, use this idiom:

#

# class C:

# @classmethod

# def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...):

# ...

#

# It can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance

# (e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.

# If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class

# object is passed as the implied first argument.

#

# Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods.

# If you want those, see the staticmethod builtin.

# """

#

# def __get__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

# """ Return an attribute of instance, which is of type owner. """

# pass

#

# def __init__(self, function): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

# pass

#

# @staticmethod # known case of __new__

# def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

# """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """

# pass

#

# __func__ = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default

#

# __isabstractmethod__ = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default

#

# __dict__ = None # (!) real value is "mappingproxy({'__get__': , '__init__': , '__new__': , '__func__': , '__isabstractmethod__': , '__dict__': , '__doc__': 'classmethod(function) -> method\\n\\nConvert a function to be a class method.\\n\\nA class method receives the class as implicit first argument,\\njust like an instance method receives the instance.\\nTo declare a class method, use this idiom:\\n\\n class C:\\n @classmethod\\n def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...):\\n ...\\n\\nIt can be called either on the class (e.g. C.f()) or on an instance\\n(e.g. C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.\\nIf a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class\\nobject is passed as the implied first argument.\\n\\nClass methods are different than C++ or Java static methods.\\nIf you want those, see the staticmethod builtin.'})"

#

代码来自周华健的网课 -《轻松学习Python 69个内置函数》

https://edu.51cto.com/sd/0acb1