SED————————复习

参考链接

三十分钟学会sed

用途

1. 文本替换
2. 交互式文本编辑
3. 选择性文本输出
4. 从某处开始编辑文本
5. 等等

工作流

1. 一行数据被读取到模式空间
2. 模式空间执行sed命令
3. 模式空间的数据被发送到输出流
4. 重复上述动作

     注意：

             模式空间是一个缓冲区。

             默认情况下，所有的动作都发生在模式空间，原文本不会被改变。

            另外一个缓冲区叫做 保持空间 （hold buffer）。

            初始情况下，保持空间 和 模式空间 这两个缓冲区都是空的。

基本示例

   

$ vi quote.txt 
There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure. 
 - Paulo Coelho, The Alchemist

sed '' quote.txt
There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure.
- Paulo Coelho, The Alchemist


$ sed ''  #从输入流中读取数据
There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure. 
There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure.

基础语法

sed [-n] [-e] 'command(s)' files 
sed [-n] -f scriptfile files

行寻址

  行寻址有两种方式：1.数字寻址。2正则表达式寻址。

数字寻址

$ sed -n '3p' books.txt 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 

$ sed -n '2,5 p' books.txt 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288

$ sed -n '$ p' books.txt 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 


$ sed -n '3,$ p' books.txt
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho,288
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

$ sed -n '2,+4 p' books.txt 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

$ sed -n '1~2 p' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288

$ sed -n '2~2 p' books.txt 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

正则表达式寻址

$ sed -n '/Paulo/ p' books.txt
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288

$ sed -n '/Alchemist/, 5 p' books.txt
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288

$ sed -n '/Alchemist/, 5 p' books.txt
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288

$ sed -n '/Two/, /Pilgrimage/ p' books.txt 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288


$ sed -n '/Two/, +4 p' books.txt
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

基本命令

保持空间基本命令

命令	描述
h	将模式空间复制到保持空间
H	将模式空间附加到保持空间
g	将保持空间复制到模式空间
G	将保持空间附加到模式空间
x	交换模式空间和保持空间的内容

基本命令

  删除

删除命令 d
sed 'd' books.txt 

[jerry]$ sed '4d' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

$ sed '2, 4 d' books.txt     
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

$ sed '/Paulo Coelho/d' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

$ sed '/Storm/,/Fellowship/d' books.txt  
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

写入

[address1[,address2]]w file 

sed -n 'w books.bak' books.txt 

$ sed -n '2~2 w junk.txt' books.txt  
$ cat junk.txt 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

$ sed -n -e '/Martin/ w Martin.txt' -e '/Paulo/ w Paulo.txt' -e '/Tolkien/ w Tolkien.txt' books.txt    

$ cat Martin.txt
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

$ cat Paulo.txt
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288

$ cat Tolkien.txt
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432

追加

$ sed '4 a 7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 234' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 234 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864


$ sed '$ a 7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 234' books.txt
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 
7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 234 

$ sed '/The Alchemist/ a 7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 234' books.txt  
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 234 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864 

替换

$ sed '3 c 3) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 324' books.txt
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 324 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

$ sed '4, 6 c 4) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 324' books.txt  
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
4) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 324

插入

$ sed '4 i 7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 324' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
7) Adultry, Paulo Coelho, 324 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

转换

$ echo "1 5 15 20" | sed 'y/151520/IVXVXX/'
I V IV XX

退出

$ sed '3 q' books.txt
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197

$ sed '/The Alchemist/ q' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197

$ sed '/The Alchemist/ q 100' books.txt
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197

$ echo $? 
100

文件读取

$ echo "This is junk text." > junk.txt 
$ sed '3 r junk.txt' books.txt 
1) A Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216 
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352 
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197 
This is junk text. 
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432 
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288 
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

执行外部命令

$ sed '3 e date' books.txt
1) Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352
2016年11月29日 星期二 22时46分14秒 CST
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

$ sed '3,5 e who' books.txt
1) Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352
mylxsw   console  Nov 29 19:30
mylxsw   ttys000  Nov 29 22:45
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197
mylxsw   console  Nov 29 19:30
mylxsw   ttys000  Nov 29 22:45
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432
mylxsw   console  Nov 29 19:30
mylxsw   ttys000  Nov 29 22:45
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

排除命令

$ sed -n '/Paulo/p' books.txt
3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197
5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288
$ sed -n '/Paulo/!p' books.txt
1) Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216
2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352
4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432
6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

多行命令

$ sed 'N; s/\n/,/g' books2.txt
A Storm of Swords ,George R. R. Martin
The Two Towers ,J. R. R. Tolkien
The Alchemist ,Paulo Coelho
The Fellowship of the Ring ,J. R. R. Tolkien
The Pilgrimage ,Paulo Coelho
A Game of Thrones ,George R. R. Martin


$ echo '\nThis is the header line.\nThis is a data line.\n\nThis is the last line.' | sed '/^$/{N; /header/D}'
This is the header line.
This is a data line.

This is the last line.


$ sed -n 'N;P' books2.txt
A Storm of Swords
The Two Towers
The Alchemist
The Fellowship of the Ring
The Pilgrimage
A Game of Thrones

单行

$ cat data1.txt 
This is the header line.

This is a data line.

This is the last line.
$ sed '/header/{n ; d}' data1.txt 
This is the header line.
This is a data line.

This is the last line.

=命令

$ sed '=' books2.txt
1
A Storm of Swords
2
George R. R. Martin

$ sed '1, 4=' books2.txt
1
A Storm of Swords
2
George R. R. Martin
3
The Two Towers
4
J. R. R. Tolkien
The Alchemist
Paulo Coelho
The Fellowship of the Ring
J. R. R. Tolkien
The Pilgrimage
Paulo Coelho
A Game of Thrones
George R. R. Martin

$ sed '/Paulo/ =' books2.txt
A Storm of Swords
George R. R. Martin
The Two Towers
J. R. R. Tolkien
The Alchemist
6
Paulo Coelho
The Fellowship of the Ring
J. R. R. Tolkien
The Pilgrimage
10
Paulo Coelho
A Game of Thrones
George R. R. Martin

$ sed -n '$ =' books2.txt
12

&命令

$ sed 's/[[:digit:]]/Book number &/' books.txt
Book number 1) Storm of Swords, George R. R. Martin, 1216
Book number 2) The Two Towers, J. R. R. Tolkien, 352
Book number 3) The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, 197
Book number 4) The Fellowship of the Ring, J. R. R. Tolkien, 432
Book number 5) The Pilgrimage, Paulo Coelho, 288
Book number 6) A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin, 864

替换命令 s

$ sed 's/,/ |/' books.txt
1) Storm of Swords | George R. R. Martin, 1216
2) The Two Towers | J. R. R. Tolkien, 352
3) The Alchemist | Paulo Coelho, 197
4) The Fellowship of the Ring | J. R. R. Tolkien, 432
5) The Pilgrimage | Paulo Coelho, 288
6) A Game of Thrones | George R. R. Martin, 864

$ sed 's/,/ | /g' books.txt
1) Storm of Swords |  George R. R. Martin |  1216
2) The Two Towers |  J. R. R. Tolkien |  352
3) The Alchemist |  Paulo Coelho |  197
4) The Fellowship of the Ring |  J. R. R. Tolkien |  432
5) The Pilgrimage |  Paulo Coelho |  288
6) A Game of Thrones |  George R. R. Martin |  864


数字n: 只替换第n次匹配，比如sed 's/,/ | /2' books.txt，只替换每行中第二个逗号
p：只输出改变的行，比如sed -n 's/Paulo Coelho/PAULO COELHO/p' books.txt
w：存储改变的行到文件，比如sed -n 's/Paulo Coelho/PAULO COELHO/w junk.txt' books.txt
i：匹配时忽略大小写，比如sed -n 's/pAuLo CoElHo/PAULO COELHO/pi' books.txt