服务器压力测试 简书,服务器压力测试工具---ab

ab(Apache Bench)工具是Apache下的一个工具，专门用于对服务器进行压力测试。

其对应的命令参数以及结果解释如下：

概要：

ab [ -A auth-username:password ] [ -b windowsize ] [ -B local-address ] [ -c concurrency ] [ -C cookie-name=value ] [ -d ] [ -e csv-file ] [ -f protocol ] [ -g gnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -H custom-header ] [ -i ] [ -k ] [ -l ] [ -m HTTP-method ] [ -n requests ] [ -p POST-file ] [ -P proxy-auth-username:password ] [ -q ] [ -r ] [ -s timeout ] [ -S ] [ -t timelimit ] [ -T content-type ] [ -u PUT-file ] [ -v verbosity] [ -V ] [ -w ] [ -x

-attributes ] [ -Z ciphersuite ] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path 参数描述: -A auth-username:password Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs it (i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed). -b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes. -B local-address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections. -c concurrency Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one request at a time. -C cookie-name=value Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the form of a name=value pair. This field is repeatable. -d Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy support). -e csv-file Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the 'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'. -f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2, or ALL). TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 support available in 2.4.4 and later. -g gnuplot-file Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values) file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL, Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of the file. -h Display usage information. -H custom-header Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair (i.e., "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit"). -i Do HEAD requests instead of GET. -k Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform multiple requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive. -l Do not report errors if the length of the responses is not constant. This can be useful for dynamic pages. Available in 2.4.7 and later. -m HTTP-method Custom HTTP method for the requests. Available in 2.4.10 and later. -n requests Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default is to just perform a single request which usually leads to non-representative benchmarking results. -p POST-file File containing data to POST. Remember to also set -T. -P proxy-auth-username:password Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs it (i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed). -q When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count on stderr every 10% or 100 requests or so. The -q flag will suppress these messages. -r Don't exit on socket receive errors. -s timeout Maximum number of seconds to wait before the socket times out. Default is 30 seconds. Available in 2.4.4 and later. -S Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display the warning/error messages when the average and median are more than one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the min/avg/max values. (legacy support). -t timelimit Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a -n 50000 internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit. -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg. application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Default is text/plain. -u PUT-file File containing data to PUT. Remember to also set -T. -v verbosity Set verbosity level - 4 and above prints information on headers, 3 and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.), 2 and above prints warnings and info. -V Display version number and exit. -w Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide, with a white background. -x String to use as attributes for -X proxy[:port] Use a proxy server for the requests. -y

String to use as attributes for

.

-z

-attributes

String to use as attributes for

.

-Z ciphersuite

Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)

输出结果：

Server Software

The value, if any, returned in the server HTTP header of the first successful response. This includes all characters in the header from beginning to the point a character with decimal value of 32 (most notably: a space or CR/LF) is detected.

Server Hostname

The DNS or IP address given on the command line

Server Port

The port to which ab is connecting. If no port is given on the command line, this will default to 80 for http and 443 for https.

SSL/TLS Protocol

The protocol parameters negotiated between the client and server. This will only be printed if SSL is used.

Document Path

The request URI parsed from the command line string.

Document Length

This is the size in bytes of the first successfully returned document. If the document length changes during testing, the response is considered an error.

Concurrency Level

The number of concurrent clients used during the test

Time taken for tests

This is the time taken from the moment the first socket connection is created to the moment the last response is received

Complete requests

The number of successful responses received

Failed requests

The number of requests that were considered a failure. If the number is greater than zero, another line will be printed showing the number of requests that failed due to connecting, reading, incorrect content length, or exceptions.

Write errors

The number of errors that failed during write (broken pipe).

Non-2xx responses

The number of responses that were not in the 200 series of response codes. If all responses were 200, this field is not printed.

Keep-Alive requests

The number of connections that resulted in Keep-Alive requests

Total body sent

If configured to send data as part of the test, this is the total number of bytes sent during the tests. This field is omitted if the test did not include a body to send.

Total transferred

The total number of bytes received from the server. This number is essentially the number of bytes sent over the wire.

HTML transferred

The total number of document bytes received from the server. This number excludes bytes received in HTTP headers

Requests per second

This is the number of requests per second. This value is the result of dividing the number of requests by the total time taken

Time per request

The average time spent per request. The first value is calculated with the formula concurrency * timetaken * 1000 / done while the second value is calculated with the formula timetaken * 1000 / done

Transfer rate

The rate of transfer as calculated by the formula totalread / 1024 / timetaken

ab原理：

ab是apachebench命令的缩写。

ab的原理：ab命令会创建多个并发访问线程，模拟多个访问者同时对某一URL地址进行访问。它的测试目标是基于URL的，因此，它既可以用来测试apache的负载压力，也可以测试nginx、lighthttp、tomcat、IIS等其它Web服务器的压力。

ab命令对发出负载的计算机要求很低，它既不会占用很高CPU，也不会占用很多内存。但却会给目标服务器造成巨大的负载，其原理类似CC攻击。自己测试使用也需要注意，否则一次上太多的负载。可能造成目标服务器资源耗完，严重时甚至导致死机。

ab.png

参考链接