linux分区删除恢复文件,linux恢复误删除文件-extundelete

经过本人测试该工具支持ext3和ext4文件系统

当发现某个分区的数据被误删除后，要做的第一件事是立刻卸载被误删除文件所在的分区，或者重新以只读方式挂载此分区。

这么做的原因其实很简单：删除一个文件，就是将文件inode节点中的扇区指针清除，同时，释放这些数据对应的数据块，而真实的文件还存留在磁盘分区中。但是这些被删除的文件不一定会一直存留在磁盘中，当这些释放的数据块被操作系统重新分配时，那些被删除的数据就会被覆盖。因此，在数据误删除后，马上卸载文件所在分区可以降低数据块中数据被覆盖的风险，进而提高成功恢复数据的机率。

1. 创建文件系统

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]#  mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3

2.查看文件系统类型

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# blkid /dev/sdb3  --查看文件系统类型

/dev/sdb3: UUID="b786e8d1-e8ac-4681-ad3a-ff7a39c07146" TYPE="ext4"

也可以用下面方法查看

[root@zw_test_26_74 ~]# file -s /dev/sdb3

/dev/sdb3: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (extents) (huge files)

3.创建一个delete目录，并挂载到刚创建的文件系统上，并创建文件，然后删除文件

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# mkdir delete

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# mount /dev/sdb3 /delete

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# cd /delete

[root@zw_test_26_74 delete]# ls

lost+found

[root@zw_test_26_74 delete]# vi zw.txt      --添加一些内容

[root@zw_test_26_74 delete]# rm -rf zw.txt

4.下载

extundelete 主页：http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/

下载地址：http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2   --0.2.4版本

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# wget  http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# tar -xvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2

[root@zw_test_26_74 extundelete-0.2.4]# cd /extundelete-0.2.4

[root@zw_test_26_74 extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/extundelete  && make && make install

Configuring extundelete 0.2.4

configure: error: Can't find ext2fs library

这是因为extundelete依赖e2fsprogs。

[root@zw_test_26_74 extundelete-0.2.4]# yum -y install e2fsprogs  e2fsprogs-devel

安装e2fsprogs后再次configure 成功。

[root@zw_test_26_74 extundelete-0.2.4]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/extundelete  && make && make install

Configuring extundelete 0.2.4

Writing generated files to disk

make -s all-recursive

Making all in src

Making install in src

/usr/bin/install -c 'extundelete' '/usr/local/bin/extundelete'

5.查看工具版本

[root@zw_test_26_74 /]# cd /usr/local/extundelete/bin

[root@zw_test_26_74 bin]# ./extundelete -v

extundelete version 0.2.4

libext2fs version 1.41.12

Processor is little endian.

6.卸载分区，注意如果是/ 根目录的删了，把磁盘挂载到其他机器做恢复

[root@zw_test_26_74 ~] fuser -k /delete        

[root@www ~]# umount /delete                   

[root@zw_test_26_74 ~]#  umount /dev/sdb3

7.使用extundelete查看分区上存在的文件

extundelete --inode 2 /dev/sdb2

# --inode 为查找某i节点中的内容，使用2则说明为搜索，如果需要进入目录搜索，只须要指定目录I节点即可

[root@zw_test_26_74 bin]#  extundelete --inode 2 /dev/sdb3

WARNING: Extended attributes are not restored.

Loading filesystem metadata ... 26 groups loaded.

Contents of inode 2:

0000 | ed 41 00 00 00 04 00 00 01 7b c6 56 05 7b c6 56 | .A.......{.V.{.V

0010 | 05 7b c6 56 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 | .{.V............

0020 | 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 e3 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 | .... ...........

0030 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................

0040 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................

0050 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................

0060 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................

0070 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................

Inode is Allocated

Group: 0

File mode: 16877

Low 16 bits of Owner Uid: 0

Size in bytes: 1024

Access time: 1455848193

Creation time: 1455848197

Modification time: 1455848197

Deletion Time: 0

Low 16 bits of Group Id: 0

Links count: 3

Blocks count: 2

File flags: 0

File version (for NFS): 0

File ACL: 0

Directory ACL: 0

Fragment address: 0

Direct blocks: 4323, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Indirect block: 0

Double indirect block: 0

Triple indirect block: 0

File name                                       | Inode number | Deleted status

Directory block 4323:

.                                                 2

..                                                2

lost+found                                        11

zw.txt                                           14             Deleted

.zw.txt.swp                                       13             Deleted

zw.txt~                                           12             Deleted

上面标记为deleted的,zw.txt 就是我误删的数据

8. 恢复：

root@zw_test_26_74 bin]# extundelete --restore-all  /dev/sdb3

WARNING: Extended attributes are not restored.

Loading filesystem metadata ... 26 groups loaded.

Loading journal descriptors ... 47 descriptors loaded.

Writing output to directory RECOVERED_FILES/

Searching for recoverable inodes in directory / ...

1 recoverable inodes found.

Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ...

Restored inode 14 to file RECOVERED_FILES/zw.txt

0 recoverable inodes still lost.

[root@zw_test_26_74 bin]# ll

total 1164

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1187047 Feb 19 10:10 extundelete

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Feb 19 11:20 RECOVERED_FILES

[root@zw_test_26_74 bin]# cd RECOVERED_FILES/

[root@zw_test_26_74 RECOVERED_FILES]# ll

total 4

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 150 Feb 19 11:20zw.txt

可以看到zw.txt 已经恢复到RECOVERED_FILES 目录下了。

9.扩展命令：

--restore-inode 12              # --restore-inode 按指定的I节点恢复

--restore-file zw.txt           # --restore-file 按指定的文件名恢复

--extundelete --restore-all     # --restore-all  是全部恢复 ，默认全将恢复出来的文件放在当前路径 RECOVERED_FILES/ 目录下，文件名为 file.I节点号

注意: RECOVERED_FILES目录生成在当前执行命令的目录下面啦！

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/sf1314/2055026