经济学中ppf计算机会成本例题,PPF与机会成本-上海杉达学院.ppt

为什么可能是弯曲的在点大多数工人都在生产山地车留在啤酒行业的工人是最好的酿酒师生产更多的自行车需要将最好的酿酒师从啤酒行业转移出来这会使啤酒产量大幅度降低山地车啤酒点山地车的机会成本很高为什么可能是弯曲的因此当不同的工人有不同的技能多生产单位物品的机会成本也不同这使生产可能性边界为曲线当经济中存在一些其他资源或者机会成本不同的资源混合时生产可能性边界也可能是曲线例如不同类型的土地有不同的用处生产可能性边界一个总结生产可能性边界表示在可得到的生产要素与生产技术既定时一个经济所能生产的两种产品数量的

* * This and the following slide build the Circular-Flow Diagram piece by piece. * * In this diagram, the green arrows represent flows of income/payments. The red arrows represent flows of goods & services (including services of the factors of production in the lower half of the diagram). To keep the graph simple, we have omitted the government, financial system, and foreign sector, as discussed on the next slide. You may wish to change the order in which the elements appear. To do so, look for “Custom Animation” in your version of PowerPoint. * * * * Suggestion: Show first row. Explain how we get the production numbers from the employment numbers. Then, show the rest of the employment numbers, and give students 3 minutes to compute the production numbers for each employment allocation. * * * * * * * Here, the “rise” is a negative number, because, as you move to the right, the line falls (meaning wheat output is reduced). Moving to the right involves shifting resources from the production of wheat (which causes wheat output to fall) to the production of computers (which causes computer production to rise). Producing an additional computer requires the resources that would otherwise produce 10 tons of wheat. * This exercise reinforces the material on the preceding slide. It is especially useful if you plan to cover Chapter 3 (Interdependence and the Gains from Trade) after completing Chapter 2. * There are two ways to get the answer. The hard way is to compute the slope of both PPFs. The slope of France’s PPF equals -600/300 = -2, meaning that France must give up two units of wine to get an additional unit of cloth. The slope of England’s PPF = -200/300 = -2/3, meaning that England only must sacrifice 2/3 of a unit of wine to get an additional unit of cloth. Thus, the opportunity cost of cloth is lower in England than France. The question, however, does not ask for the numerical values of the opportunity cost of cloth in the two cou