不知道大家有没有和我一样,以前做项目或者练习的时候一直都是用Service来处理后台耗时操作,却很少注意到还有个IntentService,前段时间准备面试的时候看到了一篇关于IntentService的解释,发现了它相对于Service来说有很多更加方便之处,今天在这里稍微来总结下我的心得。
首先IntentService是继承自Service的,那我们先看看Service的官方介绍,这里列出两点比较重要的地方:
1.A Service is not a separate process. The Service object itself does not imply it is running in its own process; unless otherwise specified, it runs in the same process as the application it is part of.
2.A Service is not a thread. It is not a means itself to do work off of the main thread (to avoid Application Not Responding errors).
稍微翻一下(英文水平一般)
1.Service不是一个单独的进程 ,它和应用程序在同一个进程中。
2.Service不是一个线程,所以我们应该避免在Service里面进行耗时的操作
关于第二点我想说下,不知道很多网上的文章都把耗时的操作直接放在Service的onStart方法中,而且没有强调这样会出现Application Not Responding!希望我的文章能帮大家认清这个误区(Service不是一个线程,不能直接处理耗时的操作)。
有人肯定会问,那么为什么我不直接用Thread而要用Service呢?关于这个,大家可以网上搜搜,这里不过多解释。有一点需要强调,如果有耗时操作在Service里,就必须开启一个单独的线程来处理!!!这点一定要铭记在心。
IntentService相对于Service来说,有几个非常有用的优点,首先我们看看官方文档的说明:
IntentService is a base class for Services that handle asynchronous requests (expressed as Intents) on demand. Clients send requests throughstartService(Intent) calls; the service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks from an application's main thread. The IntentService class exists to simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics. To use it, extend IntentService and implement onHandleIntent(Intent). IntentService will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as appropriate.
All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but only one request will be processed at a time.
IntentService是一个通过Context.startService(Intent)启动可以处理异步请求的Service,使用时你只需要继承IntentService和重写其中的onHandleIntent(Intent)方法接收一个Intent对象,在适当的时候会停止自己(一般在工作完成的时候). 所有的请求的处理都在一个工作线程中完成,它们会交替执行(但不会阻塞主线程的执行),一次只能执行一个请求.
使用队列的方式将请求的Intent加入队列,然后开启一个worker thread(线程)来处理队列中的Intent,对于异步的startService请求,IntentService会处理完成一个之后再处理第二个,每一个请求都会在一个单独的worker thread中处理,不会阻塞应用程序的主线程,这里就给我们提供了一个思路,如果有耗时的操作与其在Service里面开启新线程还不如使用IntentService来处理耗时操作。下面给一个小例子:
1.Service:packagecom.zhf.service;
importAndroid.app.Service;
importAndroid.content.Intent;
importAndroid.os.IBinder;
publicclassMyServiceextendsService {
@Override
publicvoidonCreate() {
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
publicvoidonStart(Intent intent,intstartId) {
super.onStart(intent, startId);
//经测试,Service里面是不能进行耗时的操作的,必须要手动开启一个工作线程来处理耗时操作
System.out.println("onStart");
try{
Thread.sleep(20000);
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("睡眠结束");
}
@Override
publicIBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
returnnull;
}
}
2.IntentService:packagecom.zhf.service;
importAndroid.app.IntentService;
importAndroid.content.Intent;
publicclassMyIntentServiceextendsIntentService {
publicMyIntentService() {
super("yyyyyyyyyyy");
}
@Override
protectedvoidonHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
// 经测试,IntentService里面是可以进行耗时的操作的
//IntentService使用队列的方式将请求的Intent加入队列,然后开启一个worker thread(线程)来处理队列中的Intent
//对于异步的startService请求,IntentService会处理完成一个之后再处理第二个
System.out.println("onStart");
try{
Thread.sleep(20000);
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("睡眠结束");
}
}
测试主程序:packagecom.zhf.service;
importAndroid.app.Activity;
importAndroid.content.Intent;
importAndroid.os.Bundle;
publicclassServiceDemoActivityextendsActivity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
publicvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
startService(newIntent(this,MyService.class));//主界面阻塞,最终会出现Application not responding
//连续两次启动IntentService,会发现应用程序不会阻塞,而且最重的是第二次的请求会再第一个请求结束之后运行(这个证实了IntentService采用单独的线程每次只从队列中拿出一个请求进行处理)
startService(newIntent(this,MyIntentService.class));
startService(newIntent(this,MyIntentService.class));
}
}
IntentService类的实现( 精简版 )
package com.ghg.MyIntentService;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
/**
* IntentService类的精简版,在(main线程)activity启动下载服务类,把需要下载的资源路径传给service,在service中,
* 创建handler对象和消息对象,工作进程,然后通过handler对象把消息发送到和handler绑定的消息队列中(工作线程中),下载任务,
* 下载结束后,把本次的启动的service关闭;
* @author gaohong
*
*/
public class MyIntentService extends Service {
HandlerThread thread;
Handler handler;
/**
* 初始化工作线程和handler
*/
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
thread=new HandlerThread("workThread");
System.out.println("在"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程中创建工作线程");
thread.start();
Looper looper=thread.getLooper();
handler=new Handler(looper){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("在"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"中处理消息");
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);//下载结束后把该次的调用service结束
}
};
}
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String uri=intent.getStringExtra("uri");
try {
thread.sleep(3000);//相当于下载任务;
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* 创建消息,用handler发送
*
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Message msg=Message.obtain();
msg.obj=intent;
msg.arg1=startId;
System.out.println("在"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程中发送消息");
handler.sendMessage(msg);
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
thread.quit();
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
activity中的代码:package com.ghg.MyIntentService;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Day1305_MyIntentServiceActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Intent intent=new Intent(this, MyIntentService.class);
intent.putExtra("uri", "http://192.168.1.162:8080/musiconline/musics/001.mp3");
startService(intent);
}
}