毕业设计 工程中的微型计算机外文文献
Microcomputers in Engineering
Systems Using Microprocessors
The development of the microcomputer during the 1970s brought about a revolution in engineering design. The industrial revolution at the turn of the nineteenth century heralded the development machines which replaced physical drudgery by the mechanical mean. A major engineering application of microcomputers is in process control. The provision is normally made for programming the microcomputer for the particular application.
Electronic systems are used for handing information in the most general sense; This information may be telephone conversation, instrument reading or a company’s accounts, but in each case the same main types of operation are involved: the processing, storage and transmission of information. In conventional electronic design these operations are combined at the function level: for example a counter, whether electronic or mechanical, stores the current count and increments it by one as required. A system such as an electronic clock which employs counters has its storage and processing capabilities spread throughout the system because each counter is able to store and process numbers.
Present day microprocessor based systems depart from this conventional approach by separating the three functions of processing, storage, and transmission into different sections of the system. This partitioning into three main functions was devised by Von Neumann during the 1940s, and was not conceived especially for microcomputers. Almost every computer ever made has been designed with this structure, and despite the enormous range in their physical forms, they have all been of essentially the same basic design.
In a microprocessor based system the processing will be performed in the microprocessor itself. The storage will be by means of memory circuits and the communication of information into and out of the system will be by means of special input/output (I/O) circuits. It would be impossible to identify
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