mysql访问过大停止,如何防止大型MySQL导入的连接超时

During development, how our local WAMP servers get up-to-date data from the test server is that a dump of the database is made and we upload that dump using the source command to load the .sql file.

Recently, at the very end of the import we have been getting errors about the @old variables which stored the original settings like foreign key constraints before they’re changed (so turning off foreign key constraints so that the import doesn’t throw errors when it recreates tables and attempts to create foreign keys when one of the tables has yet to be created). I have worked out that the cause is that the product table is getting more and more data and at a point the session has timed out during the import.

I’m wondering what setting can I set (either as part of the SQL query on in the my.ini file) that will stop all timeouts, in effect making a session last forever while we are signed in.

解决方案

Strategies for importing large MySQL databases

PHPMyAdmin Import

Chances are if you’re reading this, PHPMyAdmin was not an option for your large MySQL database import. Nonetheless it is always worth a try, right? The most common cause of failure for PHPMyAdmin imports is exceeding the import limit. If you’re working locally or have your own server, you can try changing the MySQL ini settings usually found in the my.ini file located in the MySQL install folder. If you’re working with WAMP on Windows, you can access that file using the WAMP control panel under MySQL > my.ini. Remember to restart WAMP so your new settings will be used. Settings you may want to increase here include:

max_allowed_packet

read_buffer_size

Even with enhanced MySQL import settings you may still find that imports time out due to PHP settings. If you have access to PHP.ini, you can make edits to the maximum execution time and related settings. In WAMP, access the PHP.ini file under the WAMP control panel at PHP > php.ini. Consider raising the limits on the following settings while trying large MySQL imports:

max_execution_time

max_input_time

memory_limit

Using Big Dump staggered MySQL dump importer

If basic PHPMyAdmin importing does not work, you may want to try the Big Dump script from Ozerov.de for staggered MySQL imports. What this useful script does is run your import in smaller blocks, which is exactly what is often needed to successfully import a large MySQL dump. It is a free download available at http://www.ozerov.de/bigdump/.

The process of using Big Dump is fairly simple: you basically position your SQL import file and the Big Dump script together on the server, set a few configs in the Big Dump script and then run the script. Big Dump handles the rest!

One key point about this otherwise great option, is that it will not work at all on MySQL exports that contain extended inserts. So if you have the option to prevent extended inserts, try it. Otherwise you will have to use another method for importing your large MySQL file.

Go command line with MySQL console

If you’re running WAMP (and even if you’re not) there is always the option to cut to the chase and import your large MySQL database using the MySQL console. I’m importing a 4GB database this way as I write this post. Which is actually why I have some time to spend writing, because even this method takes time when you have a 4GB SQL file to import!

Some developers (usually me) are intimidated by opening up a black screen and typing cryptic commands into it. But it can be liberating, and when it comes to MySQL databases it often the best route to take. In WAMP we access the MySQL console from the WAMP control panel at MySQL > MySQL Console. Now let’s learn the 2 simple MySQL Console commands you need to import a MySQL database, command-line style:

use `db_name`

Command use followed by the database name will tell the MySQL console which database you want to use. If you have already set up the database to which you are importing, then you start by issuing the use command. Suppose your database is named my_great_database. In this case, issue the following command in the MySQL Console. Note that commands must end with a semi-colon.

mysql-> use my_great_database;

mysql-> source sql_import_file.sql

Command source followed by the location of a SQL file will import the SQL file to the database you previously specified with the use command. You must provide the path, so if you’re using WAMP on your local server, start by putting the SQL file somewhere easy to get at such as C:\sql\my_import.sql. The full command with this example path would be:

mysql-> source C:\sql\my_import.sql;

After you run that command, the SQL file should begin to be imported. Let the queries run and allow the import to complete before closing the MySQL console.

Further documentation for MySQL command line can be found here: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysql.html.

Another solution is to use MySQL Workbench.