本文描述了在Oracle 11g Active Data Guard (ADG) 备份数据库中遇到ORA-04021错误导致实例宕机的问题。通过查看alert日志，发现在等待锁定对象时发生了超时。解决方案包括将cursor_sharing参数设置为FORCE以及设置动态参数"_adg_parselock_timeout"为500，以防止LGWR进程因等待锁定而引发的死锁或挂起情况。
发现数据库告警，查看alert日志，发现如下报错
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_lgwr_26383.trc:
ORA-04021: timeout occurred while waiting to lock object
LGWR (ospid: 26383): terminating the instance due to error 4021
Sun Mar 25 03:29:07 2018
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=26383 (LGWR)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcle1_diag_26321_20180325032907.trc
Instance terminated by LGWR, pid = 26383
Sun Mar 25 03:29:20 2018
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
先处理DG备库问题，查看状态发现库是MOUNT状态，先将数据库启动。
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
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