php redis hash删除key,Redis删除大Key

[原文链接：https://www.dubby.cn/detail.html?id=9112](https://www.dubby.cn/detail.html?id=9112)

>这里说的大key是指包含很多元素的set,sorted set,list和hash。

删除操作，我们一般想到有2种，`del`和`expire`。

# DEL

>**Time complexity: O(N)** where N is the number of keys that will be removed. When a key to remove holds a value other than a string, the individual complexity for this key is O(M) where M is the number of elements in the list, set, sorted set or hash. Removing a single key that holds a string value is O(1).

如果要删除的key是一个集合，包含了很多元素，那么`DEL`时的耗时和元素个数成正比，所以如果直接`DEL`，会很慢。

# EXPIRE

>Note that calling EXPIRE/PEXPIRE with a non-positive timeout or EXPIREAT/PEXPIREAT with a time in the past will result in the key being deleted rather than expired (accordingly, the emitted key event will be del, not expired).

想着expire会不会可以不是直接删除，可惜官网的描述让我心灰意冷，如果expire后指定的timeout不是正数，也就是<=0，那其实就是`DEL`。

# 一点一点删

我们知道Redis的工作线程是单线程的，如果一个command堵塞了，那所有请求都会超时，这时候，一些骚操作也许可以帮助你。

其实如果想删除key，可以分解成2个目的，1：不想让其他人访问到这个key，2：释放空间。

那其实我们可以分解成两步，先用`RENAME`把原先的key rename成另一个key，比如：

```

RENAME userInfo:123 "deleteKey:userInfo:123"

```

然后可以慢慢去删"deleteKey:userInfo:123"，如果是set，那么可以用`SREM`慢慢删，最后再用`DEL`彻底删掉。

>这里可以搞个task去`SCAN deleteKey:*`，然后慢慢删除。

# UNLINK

Redis 4.0.0提供了一个更加方便的命令

>Available since 4.0.0.

>**Time complexity: O(1)** for each key removed regardless of its size. Then the command does O(N) work in a different thread in order to reclaim memory, where N is the number of allocations the deleted objects where composed of.

`UNLINK`其实是直接返回，然后在后台线程慢慢删除。

如果你的Redis版本>=4.0.0，那么强烈建议使用`UNLINK`来删除。

# 删除耗时测试结果

>单位：微秒

|Set个数|DEL|EXPIRE|UNLINK|

|--|--|--|--|

|1|90|97|75|

|10|79|67|100|

|100|51|49|47|

|1000|303|296|49|

|10000|2773|2592|52|

|100000|31210|33157|51|

|1000000|549388|501536|62|

```

package main

import (

"github.com/go-redis/redis"

"fmt"

"time"

)

func main() {

client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{

Addr: "localhost:6379",

Password: "",

DB: 0,

ReadTimeout: 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24,

WriteTimeout: 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24,

})

maxLength := int64(10000 * 100)

for n := int64(1); n <= maxLength; n *= 10 {

fmt.Println("Set个数", n)

TestDelBigSet(client, n)

TestExpireBigSet(client, n)

TestUnlinkBigSet(client, n)

fmt.Println()

}

}

func TestDelBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) {

redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "del:", time.Now().Nanosecond())

for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ {

err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err()

if err != nil {

panic(err)

}

}

startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

client.Del(redisKey)

endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

fmt.Println("Del", endTime-startTime)

}

func TestUnlinkBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) {

redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "unlink:", time.Now().Nanosecond())

for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ {

err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err()

if err != nil {

panic(err)

}

}

startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

client.Unlink(redisKey)

endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

fmt.Println("Unlink", endTime-startTime)

}

func TestExpireBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) {

redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "expire:", time.Now().Nanosecond())

for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ {

err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err()

if err != nil {

panic(err)

}

}

startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

client.Expire(redisKey, 0)

endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

fmt.Println("Expire", endTime-startTime)

}

func CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() int64 {

return time.Now().UnixNano() / 1000

}

```

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