linux dns配置和安装,linux dns服务器 安装配置详解

一，什么是DNS

DNS 是计算机域名 (Domain Name System) 的缩写，它是由解析器和域名服务器组成的。域名服务器是指保存有该网络中所有主机的域名和对应IP地址，并具有将域名转换为IP地址功能的服务器。其中域名必须对应一个IP地址，而IP地址不一定有域名。

二，DNS安装

[root@linux ~]# yum -y install bind* caching-nameserver

三，DNS配置

[root@linux ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/

[root@linux etc]# cp -p named.caching-nameserver.conf named.conf

[root@linux etc]# cp -p named.rfc1912.zones named.rfc1912.zones.bak //做好备份

注意：这里别忘了加上-p,不然文件的所属用户组属性就会改变，启动named的时候会报错。看下面

[root@linux etc]# ll |grep named.conf

-rw-r----- 1 root named 1206 11-03 17:58 named.conf //加上-p

-rw-r----- 1 root root 1206 11-03 19:35 named.conf_bak //不加-p

1,配置named.conf

[root@linux etc]# cat named.conf //这个是我改过的文件

//

// named.caching-nameserver.conf

//

// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package to configure the

// ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver

// (as a localhost DNS resolver only).

//

// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.

//

// DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - use system-config-bind or an editor

// to create named.conf - edits to this file will be lost on

// caching-nameserver package upgrade.

//

options {

listen-on port 53 { any; }; //把localhost改成any

listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

directory "/var/named";

dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

// Those options should be used carefully because they disable port

// randomization

// query-source port 53;

// query-source-v6 port 53;

allow-query { any; };

allow-query-cache { any; };

};

logging {

channel default_debug {

file "data/named.run";

severity dynamic;

};

};

view localhost_resolver {

match-clients { any; };

match-destinations { any; };

recursion yes;

include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";

};

把文件中的localhost改成any。

三，配置named.rfc1912.zones

[root@linux etc]# cat named.rfc1912.zones

// named.rfc1912.zones:

//

// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package

//

// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by

// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones

//

// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.

//

zone "." IN {

type hint;

file "named.ca";

};

zone "localdomain" IN {

type master;

file "localdomain.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "localhost" IN {

type master;

file "localhost.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "named.local";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "named.ip6.local";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "named.broadcast";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "named.zero";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "51yip.com" IN { //从这儿开始到下面是我加的，根上面的内容copy后改的

type master;

file "51yip.com.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "1.168.192.in-addr.local";

allow-update { none; };

};

如果是多个域名的话，在加一个

zone "51yip.net" IN {

type master;

file "51yip.net.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

三，修改Zone的配置文件

[root@linux etc]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

[root@linux named]# cp -p localdomain.zone 51yip.com.zone

//[root@linux named]# cp -p localdomain.zone 51yip.net.zone //如果是多个域名就在copy一份

[root@linux named]# cp -p named.local 1.168.192.in-addr.local

1,修改51yip.com.zone

[root@linux named]# cat 51yip.com.zone

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA localhost root (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum

IN NS 51yip.com

IN MX 10 mail.51yip.com

www IN A 192.168.1.132

mail IN A 192.168.1.131

dns IN A 192.168.1.130

添加的内容，修改的内容，对比一下localhost.zone文件

2,修改1.168.192.in-addr.local

[root@linux named]# cat 1.168.192.in-addr.local

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (

1997022700 ; Serial

28800 ; Refresh

14400 ; Retry

3600000 ; Expire

86400 ) ; Minimum

IN NS 51yip.com.

132 IN PTR www.51yip.com.

131 IN PTR mail.51yip.com.

130 IN PTR dns.51yip.com.

到这儿dns的简单配置就好了。

四，启动DNS

[root@linux named]# /etc/init.d/named start

启动 named： [确定]

五，测试DNS

1,正向解释

[root@linux named]# nslookup www.51yip.com

Server: 192.168.1.130

Address: 192.168.1.130#53

Name: www.51yip.com

Address: 192.168.1.132

2,反向解释

[root@linux named]# nslookup 192.168.1.131

Server: 192.168.1.130

Address: 192.168.1.130#53

131.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = mail.51yip.com.