oracle is null效率,ORACLE SQL过滤条件是IS NULL or !=的优化

通常情况下is null或者!=这些条件如果不是具有很强的过滤性，可以先关注其它的过滤条件。但有些SQL这两种条件具有很强的过滤性，就可以考虑用以下方法。下面先讨论is null的优化，再讨论!=的优化，最后讨论is null or !=一起使用的优化。

以下测试：

oracle version:11.2.0.4#新建测试表create table scott.tb_sj01 as select * from dba_objects;

#处理测试表中的数据update scott.tb_sj01 set object_name=null where object_id<=10;

update scott.tb_sj01 set object_name='SJ' where object_id>20;

commit;

#收集表的统计信息begin

dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('scott','TB_SJ01');

end;

#查看测试表中object_name字段的数据分布#可以看出object_name字段IS NULL的有9笔记录;object_name !='SJ'有11笔记录。

select nvl(object_name,'NULL') object_name,count(1) cnt

from scott.tb_sj01

group by nvl(object_name,'NULL')

order by 2 ;

/*

OBJECT_NAME            CNT

ICOL$                  1

TS$                    1

OBJ$                  1

FILE$                  1

STDBY_LINK_CT6601SB    1

UNDO$                  1

FET$                  1

I_USER#                1

UET$                  1

SEG$                  1

IND$                  1

NULL                  9

SJ                    86880

*/

1.语句：select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name is null的优化

SQL> set autot trace

#优化前,COST=346,consistent gets=1246

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name is null;

9 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 283620643

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation         | Name    | Rows  | Bytes| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |         |     9 |   684 |   346   (1)| 00:00:05 |

|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TB_SJ01 |     9 |   684 |   346   (1)| 00:00:05 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

1 - filter("OBJECT_NAME" IS NULL)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

1246  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

1850  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

9  rows processed

#优化方法1:

#增加索引，让object_name IS NULL的也保存在索引中

SQL> create index scott.idx_tb_sj01_01 on scott.tb_sj01(object_name,1);

#优化后，COST=3,consistent gets=5

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name is null;

9 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 1042936765

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                |     9 |   684 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TB_SJ01        |     9 |   684 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_TB_SJ01_01 |     9 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access("OBJECT_NAME" IS NULL)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

5  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

1850  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

9  rows processed

#优化方法2:

#增加函数索引，只让object_name IS NULL的保存在索引中

create index scott.idx_tb_sj01_02 on scott.tb_sj01(decode(object_name,null,1));

#原语句改写为：

select * from scott.tb_sj01 where decode(object_name,null,1)=1;

#优化后，COST=2，consistent gets=4

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01 where decode(object_name,null,1)=1;

9 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 612345449

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                |   869 | 66044 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TB_SJ01        |   869 | 66044 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_TB_SJ01_02 |     9 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access(DECODE("OBJECT_NAME",NULL,1)=1)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

4  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

1850  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

9  rows processed

2.语句:select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name!='SJ'的优化

#优化前,COST=346，consistent gets=1246

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name!='SJ';

11 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 283620643

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation         | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |         | 79650 |  5911K|   346   (1)| 00:00:05 |

|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TB_SJ01 | 79650 |  5911K|   346   (1)| 00:00:05 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

1 - filter("OBJECT_NAME"<>'SJ')

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

1  recursive calls

0  db block gets

1246  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

1979  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

11  rows processed

#优化方法1：

#增加函数索引，将object_name!='SJ'和object_name IS NULL的保存在索引中

create index scott.idx_tb_sj01_04 on scott.tb_sj01(decode(object_name,null,1,'SJ',null,2));

drop index scott.idx_tb_sj01_04;

#原语句改写为：

select * from scott.tb_sj01  t where decode(object_name,null,1,'SJ',null,2)=2;

#优化后，COST=4，consistent gets=4

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01  t where decode(object_name,null,1,'SJ',null,2)=2;

11 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3453712045

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                |   869 | 71258 |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TB_SJ01        |   869 | 71258 |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_TB_SJ01_04 |    20 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access(DECODE("OBJECT_NAME",NULL,1,'SJ',NULL,2)=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

4  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

1938  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

11  rows processed

#优化方法2：

#增加函数索引，只让object_name!='SJ'的保存在索引中

create index scott.idx_tb_sj01_05 on scott.tb_sj01(case when object_name!='SJ' then 1 else null end);

#原语句改写为：

select * from scott.tb_sj01  t where (case when object_name!='SJ' then 1 else null end)=1;

#优化后，COST=3，consistent gets=4

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01  t where (case when object_name!='SJ' then 1 else null end)=1;

11 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 376302892

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                |   869 | 71258 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TB_SJ01        |   869 | 71258 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_TB_SJ01_05 |    11 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access(CASE  WHEN "OBJECT_NAME"<>'SJ' THEN 1 ELSE NULL END =1)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

4  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

1938  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

11  rows processed

3.语句：select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name is null or  object_name !='SJ'的优化

#优化前,COST=346，consistent gets=1247

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01 where object_name is null or  object_name !='SJ';

20 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 283620643

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation         | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |         |    40 |  3280 |   346   (1)| 00:00:05 |

|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| TB_SJ01 |    40 |  3280 |   346   (1)| 00:00:05 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

1 - filter("OBJECT_NAME"<>'SJ' OR "OBJECT_NAME" IS NULL)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

1247  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

2403  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

534  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

3  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

20  rows processed

#优化方法1：

#增加索引，将object_name!='SJ'和object_name IS NULL的保存在索引中

create index scott.idx_tb_sj01_06 on scott.tb_sj01(decode(object_name,null,1,'SJ',null,1));

#语句修改为：

select * from scott.tb_sj01 t where decode(object_name,null,1,'SJ',null,1)=1;

#优化后,COST=3，consistent gets=6

SQL> select * from scott.tb_sj01 where decode(object_name,null,1,'SJ',null,1)=1;

20 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 356892721

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CP

U)| Time     |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |                |   869 | 71258 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TB_SJ01        |   869 | 71258 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX_TB_SJ01_06 |    20 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

2 - access(DECODE("OBJECT_NAME",NULL,1,'SJ',NULL,1)=1)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0  recursive calls

0  db block gets

6  consistent gets

0  physical reads

0  redo size

2362  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

534  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

3  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0  sorts (memory)

0  sorts (disk)

20  rows processed

SQL> set autot off

#优化方法2，增加case when的函数索引，改写语句，同语句2，略