install package1 [package2] [...]
update [package1] [package2] [...]
update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
update-minimal [package1] [package2] [...]
check-update
upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
autoremove [package1] [...]
list [...]
info [...]
provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
makecache [fast]
groups [...]
search string1 [string2] [...]
shell [filename]
resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use repoquery or yum provides)
localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
deplist package1 [package2] [...]
repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
repoinfo [all|enabled|disabled]
repository-packages [package2] [...]
version [ all | installed | available | group-| nogroups | grouplist |
groupinfo ]
history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-
info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
load-transaction [txfile]
updateinfo [summary | list | info | remove-pkgs-ts | exclude-updates |
exclude-all | check-running-kernel]
fssnapshot [summary | list | have-space | create | delete]
fs [filters | refilter | refilter-cleanup | du]
check
help [command]
常用选项:
-y, --assumeyes:对于yum执行过程中与用户交互的问题,全部以"yes"回答;
-q, --quiet:安静模式,在一次安装事务中,不输出任何信息;
--enablerepo=repoidglob:
即使被指定的repoid是被禁用的,也可以通过该选项将其启用;
--disablerepo=repoidglob:
即使卑职的repoid是被正常启用的,也可以通过该选项将其禁用;
--noplugins:在yum执行过程中,明确指出不使用任何插件;
--nogpgcheck:在yum的执行过程中,明确指出不进行程序包完整性认证;
command:
安装程序包:
install package1 [package2] [...]
注意:
1.如果启用安装时仅给出程序名称,并没有给出程序版本,平台类型及操作系统类型等信息的话,yum将会搜索所有的处于启用状态的仓库,并找到版本最新的程序包进行安装;
2.如果启用安装时给出的是带有程序版本,平台类型及操作系统类型等信息的程序名称,则在所有的仓库中查找与之完全匹配的程序包进行安装;
3.如果启用安装时给出的是完整的程序包名称,则只查找特定的程序包进行安装;
4.程序包名或程序名可以使用通配符(Globbing), * ? [] [^]
升级和降级安装程序包,让程序包在不同的版本之间更迭:
update [package1] [package2] [...]
downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
卸载程序包:
remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
查看程序包:
list [available|installed|all]
查看程序包的相关信息:
info [...]
清除本地相关缓存信息:
clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
手动构建本地缓存:
makecache [fast]
显示所有可用的仓库的相关信息,如果缓存消失,则先缓存再显示:
repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
模糊搜索:
search string1 [string2] [...]
程序包组管理命令:
groups [...]
group install
group update
group list
group remove
group info
显示指定程序包的所有的依赖关系:
deplist package1 [package2] [...]
恢复yum的安装事务:
load-transaction [txfile]
Fedora提供的第三EPEL仓库,到任何一个镜像站点下载epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm程序包,在linux本地使用rpm或yum直接安装,即可在/etc/yum.repos.d目录中生成一个epel.repo的配置文件;
yum的repo配置文件中的常用变量:
$basearch:当前计算机所使用的基础平台架构类型:
i686
x86_64(amd64)
ppc
ppc64
$releasever:当前操作系统发行版本的主版本号:
如:CentOS 7.2-1511,其发行版本的主版本号是7;
CentOS 6.9,其发行版本的主版本号是6;
$arch:平台架构类型
$YUM0~$YUM9:yum内置的可以由用户自定义的10个变量;
http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/
http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/7/x86_64/
[epel]
name
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/$releasever/$basearch/