linux下mongo工具,Linux下快速安装MongoDB

MongoDB 是目前在IT行业非常流行的一种非关系型数据库(NoSql),其灵活的数据存储方式备受当前IT从业人员的青睐。MongoDB很好的实现了面向对象的思想(OO思想),在MongoDB中 每一条记录都是一个Document对象。MongoDB最大的优势在于所有的数据持久操作都无需开发人员手动编写SQL语句,直接调用方法就可以轻松的实现CRUD操作。本文介绍了如何快速安装mongodb供大家参考。

一、安装配置mongodb

Step 1: 设置系统环境及确保缺省端口27107可用

###当前环境

# cat /etc/issue

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)

# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

Step 2: 下载安装文件

下载地址： https://www.mongodb.org/downloads.

或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下载

curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz

Step 3: 解压下载的文件

# pwd

/usr/local/src

# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz  ###注，本文直接从网站下载，所以文件为.gz

Step 4: 复制解压文件到运行目录

# mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb

# cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/

Step 5: 设置环境变量

e.g. export PATH=/bin:$PATH

# vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH

# source ~/.bash_profile

Step 6: 创建数据目录

# mkdir -p /data/mongodata

二、启动及验证mongodb

###启动mongo

# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata

###以下内容为启动后输出的相关信息

2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal

2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed

2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL  [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.18

2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL  [durability] Durability thread started

2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread started

2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_2

2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.

2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] db version v3.0.6

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc

2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } }

2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX    [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns, filling with zeroes...

2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, filling with zeroes...

2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp

2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, size: 64MB,  took 0.001 secs

2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017

###停止mongo，直接使用ctrl + c

^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] now exiting

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles

2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL  [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped

2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL  [durability] Durability thread stopped

2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished

2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE  [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock...

2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL  [signalProcessingThread] dbexit:  rc: 0

###修复启动过程中的两个警告，关于使用root用户启动mongo的警告先忽略

# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

# echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

###再次重启，后置于后台进程，

# mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata &

###查看启动后的进程

# ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v grep

root    11115 27956  0 10:11 pts/2    00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata

# lsof -i:27017

COMMAND  PID USER  FD  TYPE  DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mongod  11115 root    5u  IPv4 50567119      0t0  TCP *:27017 (LISTEN)

###使用mongo连接到mongod

# mongo

MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6

connecting to: test

2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK  [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open)

Server has startup warnings:

2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.

2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]

> help

db.help()                    help on db methods

db.mycoll.help()            help on collection methods

sh.help()                    sharding helpers

rs.help()                    replica set helpers

help admin                  administrative help

help connect                connecting to a db help

help keys                    key shortcuts

help misc                    misc things to know

help mr                      mapreduce

show dbs                    show database names

show collections            show collections in current database

show users                  show users in current database

show profile                show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms

show logs                    show the accessible logger names

show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default

use                 set current database

db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo

db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )    list objects in foo where a == 1

it                          result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate

DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x  set default number of items to display on shell

exit                        quit the mongo shell

> db.getCollection("version");

test.version

> exit

bye

三、mongodb相关工具

###在安装文件下有README，描述了常用的mongodb相关命令行工具

# more /usr/local/mongodb/README

MongoDB README

Welcome to MongoDB!

COMPONENTS

bin/mongod - The database process.

bin/mongos - Sharding controller.

bin/mongo  - The database shell (uses interactive javascript).

UTILITIES

bin/mongodump        - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc..

bin/mongorestore      - MongoDB restore a dump

bin/mongoexport      - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV)

bin/mongoimport      - Import from JSON or CSV

bin/mongofiles        - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS

bin/mongostat        - Show performance statistics

RUNNING

For command line options invoke:

$ ./mongod --help

To run a single server database:

$ mkdir /data/db

$ ./mongod

$

$ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default:

$ ./mongo

> help

DRIVERS

Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org.  Use the

shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks.

###获取单个命令用法

# --help

# mongod --help|more

Options:

General options:

-h [ --help ]              show this usage information

--version                  show version information

# mongod --version

db version v3.0.6

git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2

更多MongoDB相关内容可以看看以下的有用链接：

《MongoDB 权威指南》(MongoDB: The Definitive Guide)英文文字版[PDF] http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-07/66735.htm

MongoDB 的详细介绍：请点这里

MongoDB 的下载地址：请点这里