本文基于d3.js中的力导向图对关系网络进行可视化。针对实体之间多关系亦即节点之间多条连接线的问题，采用弧形连接线，同时对节点间的多条连接线进行动态编号，并根据编号绘制不同半径的弧线，从而解决多条弧形连接线相互遮挡的问题。同时基于svg中的path标签属性，对弧形方向进行调整，保证多条连接线在节点之间的分布具有对称效果。
整体演示代码如下：
test4path.link {
fill: none;
stroke: #666;
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}
marker#licensing {
fill: green;
}
path.link.licensing {
stroke: green;
}
path.link.resolved {
stroke-dasharray: 0,2 1;
}
circle {
fill: #ccc;
stroke: #333;
stroke-width: 1.5px;
}
text {
font: 10px sans-serif;
pointer-events: none;
}
text.shadow {
stroke: #fff;
stroke-width: 3px;
stroke-opacity: .8;
}
var index = 0;
var width = 1140,
height = 1000;
var links = [
// {source: "Microsoft", target: "Amazon", type: "suit"},
// {source: "Microsoft", target: "Amazon", type: "suit"},
// {source: "Microsoft", target: "Amazon", type: "suit"},
// {source: "Samsung", target: "Apple", type: "suit"},
// {source: "Samsung", target: "Samsung", type: "suit"},
{source: "a", target: "b", type: "suit"},
{source: "a", target: "b", type: "suit"},
{source: "a", target: "b", type: "suit"},
{source: "a", target: "b", type: "suit"},
{source: "a", target: "a", type: "suit"},
{source: "a", target: "a", type: "suit"},
{source: "b", target: "a", type: "suit"},
{source: "b", target: "a", type: "suit"},
// {source: "Amazon", target: "Microsoft", type: "suit"}
];
//关系分组
var linkGroup = {};
//对连接线进行统计和分组，不区分连接线的方向，只要属于同两个实体，即认为是同一组
var linkmap = {}
for(var i=0; i
var key = links[i].source
if(!linkmap.hasOwnProperty(key)){
linkmap[key] = 0;
}
linkmap[key]+=1;
if(!linkGroup.hasOwnProperty(key)){
linkGroup[key]=[];
}
linkGroup[key].push(links[i]);
}
//为每一条连接线分配size属性，同时对每一组连接线进行编号
for(var i=0; i
var key = links[i].source
links[i].size = linkmap[key];
//同一组的关系进行编号
var group = linkGroup[key];
var keyPair = key.split(':');
var type = 'noself';//标示该组关系是指向两个不同实体还是同一个实体
if(keyPair[0]==keyPair[1]){
type = 'self';
}
//给节点分配编号
setLinkNumber(group,type);
}
console.log(links);
var nodes = {};
// Compute the distinct nodes from the links.
links.forEach(function(link) {
link.source = nodes[link.source] || (nodes[link.source] = {name: link.source});
link.target = nodes[link.target] || (nodes[link.target] = {name: link.target});
});
var force = d3.layout.force()
.nodes(d3.values(nodes))
.links(links)
.size([width, height])
.linkDistance(600)
.charge(-300)
.on("tick", tick)
.start();
var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg:svg")
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height", height);
// Per-type markers, as they don't inherit styles.
svg.append("svg:defs").selectAll("marker")
.data(["suit", "licensing", "resolved"])
.enter().append("svg:marker")
.attr("id", String)
.attr("viewBox", "0 -5 10 10")
.attr("refX", 30)
.attr("refY", 0)
.attr("markerWidth", 6)
.attr("markerHeight", 6)
.attr("orient", "auto")
.append("svg:path")
.attr("d", "M0,-5L10,0L0,5");
var path = svg.append("svg:g").selectAll("path")
.data(force.links())
.enter().append("svg:path")
.attr("class", function(d) { return "link " + d.type; })
.attr("marker-end", function(d) { return "url(#" + d.type + ")"; });
var circle = svg.append("svg:g").selectAll("circle")
.data(force.nodes())
.enter().append("svg:circle")
.attr("r", 20)
.call(force.drag);
var text = svg.append("svg:g").selectAll("g")
.data(force.nodes())
.enter().append("svg:g");
// A copy of the text with a thick white stroke for legibility.
text.append("svg:text")
.attr("x", 8)
.attr("y", ".31em")
.attr("class", "shadow")
.text(function(d) { return d.name; });
text.append("svg:text")
.attr("x", 8)
.attr("y", ".31em")
.text(function(d) { return d.name; });
// Use elliptical arc path segments to doubly-encode directionality.
function tick() {
path.attr("d", function(d) {
//如果连接线连接的是同一个实体，则对path属性进行调整，绘制的圆弧属于长圆弧，同时对终点坐标进行微调，避免因坐标一致导致弧无法绘制
if(d.target==d.source){
dr = 30/d.linknum;
return"M" + d.source.x + "," + d.source.y + "A" + dr + "," + dr + " 0 1,1 " + d.target.x + "," + (d.target.y+1);
}else if(d.size%2!=0 && d.linknum==1){//如果两个节点之间的连接线数量为奇数条，则设置编号为1的连接线为直线，其他连接线会均分在两边
return 'M '+d.source.x+' '+d.source.y+' L '+ d.target.x +' '+d.target.y;
}
//根据连接线编号值来动态确定该条椭圆弧线的长半轴和短半轴，当两者一致时绘制的是圆弧
//注意A属性后面的参数，前两个为长半轴和短半轴，第三个默认为0，第四个表示弧度大于180度则为1，小于则为0，这在绘制连接到相同节点的连接线时用到；第五个参数，0表示正角，1表示负角，即用来控制弧形凹凸的方向。本文正是结合编号的正负情况来控制该条连接线的凹凸方向，从而达到连接线对称的效果
var curve=1.5;
var homogeneous=1.2;
var dx = d.target.x - d.source.x,
dy = d.target.y - d.source.y,
dr = Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy)*(d.linknum+homogeneous)/(curve*homogeneous);
//当节点编号为负数时，对弧形进行反向凹凸，达到对称效果
if(d.linknum<0){
dr = Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy)*(-1*d.linknum+homogeneous)/(curve*homogeneous);
return "M" + d.source.x + "," + d.source.y + "A" + dr + "," + dr + " 0 0,0 " + d.target.x + "," + d.target.y;
}
return "M" + d.source.x + "," + d.source.y + "A" + dr + "," + dr + " 0 0,1 " + d.target.x + "," + d.target.y;
});
circle.attr("transform", function(d) {
return "translate(" + d.x + "," + d.y + ")";
});
text.attr("transform", function(d) {
return "translate(" + d.x + "," + d.y + ")";
});
}
function setLinkNumber(group,type){
if(group.length==0) return;
//对该分组内的关系按照方向进行分类，此处根据连接的实体ASCII值大小分成两部分
var linksA = [], linksB = [];
for(var i = 0;i
var link = group[i];
if(link.source < link.target){
linksA.push(link);
}else{
linksB.push(link);
}
}
//确定关系最大编号。为了使得连接两个实体的关系曲线呈现对称，根据关系数量奇偶性进行平分。
//特殊情况：当关系都是连接到同一个实体时，不平分
var maxLinkNumber = 0;
if(type=='self'){
maxLinkNumber = group.length;
}else{
maxLinkNumber = group.length%2==0?group.length/2:(group.length+1)/2;
}
//如果两个方向的关系数量一样多，直接分别设置编号即可
if(linksA.length==linksB.length){
var startLinkNumber = 1;
for(var i=0;i
linksA[i].linknum = startLinkNumber++;
}
startLinkNumber = 1;
for(var i=0;i
linksB[i].linknum = startLinkNumber++;
}
}else{//当两个方向的关系数量不对等时，先对数量少的那组关系从最大编号值进行逆序编号，然后在对另一组数量多的关系从编号1一直编号到最大编号，再对剩余关系进行负编号
//如果抛开负号，可以发现，最终所有关系的编号序列一定是对称的(对称是为了保证后续绘图时曲线的弯曲程度也是对称的)
var biggerLinks,smallerLinks;
if(linksA.length>linksB.length){
biggerLinks = linksA;
smallerLinks = linksB;
}else{
biggerLinks = linksB;
smallerLinks = linksA;
}
var startLinkNumber = maxLinkNumber;
for(var i=0;i
smallerLinks[i].linknum = startLinkNumber--;
}
var tmpNumber = startLinkNumber;
startLinkNumber = 1;
var p = 0;
while(startLinkNumber<=maxLinkNumber){
biggerLinks[p++].linknum = startLinkNumber++;
}
//开始负编号
startLinkNumber = 0-tmpNumber;
for(var i=p;i
biggerLinks[i].linknum = startLinkNumber++;
}
}
}
最终效果如下(a、b节点之间6条连接线，四条a->b，两条b->a)：
奇数条连接线效果(带有直线)：
说明：本文专注于实现多连接线和对称效果，其他可视化效果可自行修改设置。
参考资源：
1、https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37417459/drawing-multiple-links-between-fixed-nodes
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