oracle同步tnp时间,oracle操作命令大全-CSDN博客

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内容包括三大项:

1.oracle基本操作语句

2.SQLServer基本操作语句

3.各种数据库连接方法

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**************************************************oracle基本操作语句********************************************************

打开服务器

net start oracleservice

打开监听器

lsnrctl start

关闭服务器

net stop oracleservicebinbo

关闭监听器

lsnrctl stop

===============================================================

清屏

****************************************************************

数据字典 ===========desc user_views(关键词)

****************************************************************

===============================================================

查看当前用户的角色

SQL>select * from user_role_privs;

===============================================================

查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;

SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;

===============================================================

查看当前用户的缺省表空间

SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;

===============================================================

换用户

conn as sysdba

sys

tsinghua

sqlplus "sys/tsinghua as sysdba"

conn sys/zl as sysdba

===============================================================

修改表结构

alter table test modify(name not null);

alter table test add(name varchar2(20));

alter table test drop column sex;

alter table test set unused column sex;

alter table test drop unused columns;

===============================================================

更改用户密码

sql>alter user 管理员 identified by 密码；

===============================================================

创建表空间的数据文件

sql>create tablespace test datafile 'd:\oracle\binbo.dbf' size 10m;

===============================================================

创建用户

sql>create user 用户名 identified by 用户名;

===============================================================

bfile类型实例

创建目录

create directory tnpdir as 'c:\';

删除目录

drop directory tnpdir

授权

crant read on directory tn pdir to scott;

建表

create table bfiletest(id number(3), fname bfile);

添加数据

insert into bfiletest values(1,bfilename('TMPDIR','tmptest.java'));

===============================================================

查看用户

sql>show user

===============================================================

检查语句是否有错

show error

===============================================================

锁定用户

sql>alter user 用户名 account lock

===============================================================

解除用户

sql>alter user 用户名 account unlock

===============================================================

删除用户

sql>drop user zl;

===============================================================

给用户创建表权限

sql>grant create table to 用户名;

===============================================================

授管理员权限

sql>grant dba to 用户名;

===============================================================

给用户登录权限

sql>grant connect to 用户名

===============================================================

给用户无限表空间权限

sql>grant unlinmited tablespace to 用户名;

===============================================================

收回权限

sql>revoke dba from 用户名;

===============================================================

查看用户下所有的表

SQL>select * from user_tables;

===============================================================

查看名称包含log字符的表

SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects

where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;

===============================================================

查看某表的创建时间

SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');

===============================================================

查看某表的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&table_name');

===============================================================

查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表

SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;

===============================================================

再添加一个表空间的数据文件

sql>alter tablespace test add datafile 'd:\oracle\test1.dbf' size 10m;

===============================================================

建表 SQL>create table studen(stuno int,stuname varchar(8) not null,stubirth date default to_date('1987-5-9','YYYY-MM-DD'));

向表结构中加入一列 SQL>alter table studen add(stuphoto varchar(9));

从表结构中删除一列 SQL>alter table studen drop column stuphoto;

修改表一列的长度 SQL>alter table studen modify(stuno number(4));

隐藏将要删除的一列 SQL>alter table studen set unused column stuphoto;

删除隐藏的列 SQL>alter table studen drop unused columns;

向表中加入约束 SQL>alter table studen add constraint pk primary key(stuno);

删除约束 SQL>alter table studen drop constraint pk;

===============================================================

创建表

sql>create table 用户名(name varchar2(20),password varchar(20)) tablespace 空间名;

===============================================================

添加字段

sql>alter table test add(column_x char(10) not null);

===============================================================

更改字段

sql>alter table emp modify(column_x char (20));

===============================================================

删除字段

如待删除域属于某个索引，则不允许删除操作，必须将此域先设置为NULL。

sql>alter table emp modify(column_x null);

sql>update emp set column_x=null;

sql>commit;

sql>alter table emp drop(column_x);

===============================================================

选择表空间

sql>alter user 用户名 default tablespace test;

===============================================================

管理员删除别的用户中的表

sql>drop table 用户名.表名;

===============================================================

退出

sql>exit;

===============================================================

默认进入

sql>sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

===============================================================

查看数据库

sql>show parameter block;

===============================================================

写大量语句用记事本，新建方式。

输入"ed"回车

保存后

输入"/"运行;

===============================================================

查询用户有多少表

sql>select * from tab;

===============================================================

SQLServer取时间

sql>select getdate

oracle 取时间

sql>sysdate;

===============================================================

操作表结构数据库定义语言命令

(不记录在日志文件中)

create table建表

sql>create table test(name varchar2(20),age date,sex char(2));

sql>insert into test(name,age,sex) values('aa',sysdate,'男');

sql>insert into test(name,age,sex) values('bb',to_date('1888-8-8',"yyyy-aa-dd hh24:mi:ss"),'男');

sql>select * from test;

===============================================================

查询男和女总数

sql>select sex,count(sex) from test group by sex;

---------------------------------------------------------------

test表中数据输入test1表中

SQLSserver---select * into test1 from test;

oracle---create table test1 as select * from test;

---------------------------------------------------------------

更改会话时间

sql>alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';

---------------------------------------------------------------

sql>show parameter block 表和视图

sql>show parameter date 查数据结构

---------------------------------------------------------------

SQLServer中

--删除表中相同数据

sql>create table test1 as select distinct * from test;

--删除表数据

sql>truncate table test;

--把test中数据输入到test1中

sql>insert into test(select * from test1);

---------------------------------------------------------------

rowid(表中存储地址相当表id)和rownum(表序号)称伪列(用法)

sql>select name,age,sex,rowid,rownum from test1;

查出前三行

sql>select * from test where rownum<=3;

查出后三行

sql>select * from (select name n,age a,sex s,rownum r from test) where r>(select count(*) from test)-3;

删除后三行

SQL> delete from test where name not in(select name from test where rownum<=(select count(*) from test)-3);

删除相同行

sql>delete from test where rowid not in(select max(rowid) from test group by name,age,sex);

删除所有表

sql>select 'drop table' ||tname|| ':' from tab;

sql>spool c:\test.sql;

sql>select 'drop table' ||tname|| ':' from tab;

sql>spool off

sql>@c :\test.sql;

---------------------------------------------------------------

alter table修改表

truncate table节段表(只删除数据)

drop table删除表

===============================================================

查看表结构

desc 表名;

===============================================================

查出成绩的前三名

sql>select * from (select * from stu order by score desc) where rownum<=3;

===============================================================

更改字符集

SQL>startup mount

SQL>alter system enable restricted session;

SQL>alter system set job_queue_processes=0;

SQL>alter database open;

SQL>alter database character set ZHS16GBK;

SQL>shutdown

SQL>startup

===============================================================

将一张表或几张表中的域重新组合后插入新表。

假定原先的两张表为emp,work，现选择部分数据域合并为emp_work

建立emp_work

SQL>insert into emp_new select a.no, sysdate, a.name, b.service_duration from emp a, work b where a.no=b.no;

SQL>commit;

这样的方式仍然要使用回滚段，为加快数据迁移速度，可将insert替换成insert /*+APPEND*/(大小写不论)，指示oracle以直通方式直接写数据文件，绕过回滚空间。

SQL>insert /*+APPEND*/ into emp_new select a.no, sysdate, a.name, b.service_duration from emp a, work b where a.no=b.no;

SQL>commit;

===============================================================

DDL数据定义语言(create,alter,drop)

DML数据操纵语言(insert,select,delete,update)

TCL事务控制语言(commit,savepoint,rollback)

DCL数据控制语言(GRANT REVOKE)

===============================================================

一个表中的某一列输到另一个表中

insert into stu1(name)(select name from stu);

===============================================================

事务

rollback;

insert into stu1(name)(select name from stu);

commit;提交

===============================================================

COMMIT - 提交并结束事务处理

ROLLBACK - 撤销事务中已完成的工作

SAVEPOINT – 标记事务中可以回滚的点

SQL> update order_master set del_date ='30-8月-05' WHERE orderno <= 'o002';

SQL> savepoint mark1;

SQL> delete FROM order_master WHERE orderno = 'o002';

SQL> savepoint mark2;

SQL> rollback TO SAVEPOINT mark1;

SQL> COMMIT;

===============================================================

换名

set sqlprompt "scott>";

===============================================================

GRANT 授予权限

SQL> GRANT SELECT ON vendor_master TO accounts WITH GRANT OPTION;

REVOKE 撤销已授予的权限

SQL> REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON order_master FROM MARTIN;

===============================================================

比较操作符

SQL> SELECT vencode,venname,tel_no

FROM vendor_master

WHERE venname LIKE 'j___s';

SQL> SELECT orderno FROM order_master

WHERE del_date IN (‘06-1月-05’,‘05-2月-05');

SQL> SELECT itemdesc, re_level

FROM itemfile

WHERE qty_hand < max_level/2;

===============================================================

逻辑操作符

SQL> SELECT * FROM order_master

WHERE odate > ‘10-5月-05'

AND del_date < ‘26-5月-05’;

===============================================================

集合操作符将两个查询的结果组合成一个结果

SQL> SELECT orderno FROM order_master

MINUS

SELECT orderno FROM order_detail;

-----------------------------------------------------------------

select * from scott.stu

union (all)重复的去掉[intersect把相同的取出来][minus显示不相同的数]

select * from stu

-----------------------------------------------------------------

显示相同的数据

select name from stu intersect select name from stu1;

===============================================================

连接操作符

连接操作符用于将多个字符串或数据值合并成一个字符串

SQL> SELECT (venname|| ' 的地址是 '

||venadd1||' '||venadd2 ||' '||venadd3) address

FROM vendor_master WHERE vencode='V001';

===============================================================

操作符的优先级

SQL 操作符的优先级从高到低的顺序是：

算术操作符 --------最高优先级

连接操作符

比较操作符

NOT 逻辑操作符

AND 逻辑操作符

OR 逻辑操作符 --------最低优先级

===============================================================

用来转换空值的函数

NVL

NVL2

NULLIF

SELECT itemdesc, NVL(re_level,0) FROM itemfile;

SELECT itemdesc, NVL2(re_level,re_level,max_level) FROM itemfile;

SELECT itemdesc, NULLIF(re_level,max_level) FROM itemfile;

===============================================================

GROUP BY和HAVING子句

GROUP BY子句

用于将信息划分为更小的组

每一组行返回针对该组的单个结果

HAVING子句

用于指定 GROUP BY 子句检索行的条件

SELECT p_category, MAX(itemrate) FROM itemfile GROUP BY p_category;

SELECT p_category, MAX(itemrate) FROM itemfile GROUP BY p_category HAVING p_category NOT IN ('accessories');

===============================================================

ROW_NUMBER (row_number)返回连续的排位，不论值是否相等

RANK(rank) 具有相等值的行排位相同，序数随后跳跃

DENSE_RANK(dense_rank) 具有相等值的行排位相同，序号是连续的

SELECT d.dname, e.ename, e.sal, DENSE_RANK()

OVER (PARTITION BY e.deptno ORDER BY e.sal DESC)

AS DENRANK

FROM emp e, dept d WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno;

===============================================================

日期函数

ADD_MONTHS(当前只加月)

alter session set nls_date_format='yyyymmdd hh24miss';

select add_months(sysdate,2) from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

MONTHS_BETWEEN(前面时间减后面时间=得之间月差)

select months_between(sysdate,to_date('2007-6-10','yyyy-mm-dd')) from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

LAST_DAY(求得当前月的最后一天)

select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

ROUND(round年-月-日-->四舍五入)

select round(2.3) from dual;

select round(to_date('2007-6-10','yyyy-mm-dd'),'year') from dual;

select round(to_date('2007-6-10','yyyy-mm-dd'),'month') from dual;

select round(to_date('2007-6-10','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

NEXT_DAY(下一星期的星期二)

select next_day(to_date('2007-6-10','yyyy-mm-dd'),'星期二') from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

TRUNC(trunc)

----------------------------------------------------------------

EXTRACT(extract)

select extract(year from date '1998-03-07') from dual;

select extract(month from to_date ('1998-03-07','yyyy-mm-dd')) from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

2008年2月有多少天

inbo---->select extract(day from last_day(to_date ('2008-02-07','yyyy-mm-dd'))) from dual;

----------------------------------------------------------------

2003-4-3与1956-3-1之间有多少天

inbo---->select round(months_between(to_date('2003-4-3','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('1956-3-1','yyyy-mm-dd'))/12) from dual;

===============================================================

把两边的9去掉

select trim('9' from '9999ddddddd99999') from dual;

去空格

select trim(' ' from ' 9999ddddddd99999') from dual;

===============================================================

函数输入输出

Initcap(char) Select initcap(‘hello’) from dual; Hello

Lower(char) Select lower(‘FUN’) from dual; fun

Upper(char) Select upper(‘sun’) from dual; SUN

Ltrim(char,set) Select ltrim( ‘xyzadams’,’xyz’) from dual; adams

Rtrim(char,set) Select rtrim(‘xyzadams’,’ams’) from dual; xyzad

Translate(char, from, to) Select translate(‘jack’,’j’ ,’b’) from dual; back

Replace(char,searchstring,[rep string]) Select replace(‘jack and jue’ ,’j’,’bl’) from dual; black and blue

Instr (char, m, n) Select instr (‘worldwide’,’d’) from dual; 5

Substr (char, m, n) Select substr(‘abcdefg’,3,2) from dual; cd

Concat (expr1, expr2) Select concat (‘Hello’,’ world’) from dual; Hello world

===============================================================

数字函数接受数字输入并返回数值结果

函数输入输出

Abs(n) Select abs(-15) from dual; 15

Ceil(n) Select ceil(44.778) from dual; 45

Cos(n) Select cos(180) from dual; -.5984601

Cosh(n) Select cosh(0) from dual; 1

Floor(n) Select floor(100.2) from dual; 100

Power(m,n) Select power(4,2) from dual; 16

Mod(m,n) Select mod(10,3) from dual; 1

Round(m,n) Select round(100.256,2) from dual; 100.26

Trunc(m,n) Select trunc(100.256,2) from dual; 100.25

Sqrt(n) Select sqrt(4) from dual; 2

Sign(n) Select sign(-30) from dual; -1

===============================================================

字符函数

查看有多少个字符

SQL> SELECT LENGTH('frances') FROM dual;

-----------------------------------------------------------------

SQL> SELECT vencode,

DECODE(venname,'frances','Francis') name

FROM vendor_master WHERE vencode='v001';

-----------------------------------------------------------------

查找人是否存在加字段decode主明是否有人

select name,decode(name,'rbb','有人') from stu;

===================================================================

排续

select dense_rank() over(partition by sex order by score) from test;

select row_number() over(order by score),name,sex,score from test;

select rank() over(order by score) from test;

select dense_rank() over(order by score) from test;

==========================================================================

创建同义词

SQL> create public synonym test for rbb.test;

SQL> create synonym test for mytest;

同一类的才可以替换,同义词替换同义词

替换

SQL> create or replace synonym emp_sysn for scott.emp;

**********************************************************************************************

创建序列

SQL>create sequence xule increment by 1 start with 1 maxvalue 999;

increment by 增长值

start with 起始值

maxvalue 最大值

minvalue 最小值

nocycle 不循环

chare 10缓存

xule.nextval ===========下一个序列的值

xule.currval ===========可以查询序列当前的值

更改序列 start with 不能改

alter sequence xule maxvalue 100 [sycle nocycle]；

**********************************************************************************************

序列用法

SQL>create table xl(name varchar2(4));

SQL>insert into test values(xule.nextval);

SQL>select xl.currval from dual;

**********************************************************************************************

删除序列

drop sequence x;

desc user_sequences

**********************************************************************************************

创建视图视图中可以使用函数和表达式

create or replace view

**********************************************************************************************

创建视图

SQL> create or replace view 视图名 as select * from rbb union all select * from rbbb union all select * from test;

SQL> create or replace view 视图名 as

2 select empno as 编号,ename as 姓名 from scott.emp

3 where deptno=10;

==========================================================================

如果在当前用户下没有这个视图就创建此视图

如果有此视图就覆盖此视图

create or replace view view_name as select empno,ename from emp where deptno=10;

**********************************************************************************************

在创建视图前要为当前用户授权

grant resource to scott;

create or replace view v_sal as select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc;

**********************************************************************************************

使用视图

select * from v_sal;

**********************************************************************************************

删除一个视图

drop view view_name;

**********************************************************************************************

重新编译已有的视图

alter view view_name compile;

**********************************************************************************************

数据字典 ===========desc user_views

**********************************************************************************************

常用的转换函数有

TO_CHAR

SELECT TO_CHAR(sysdate,'YYYY"年"fmMM"月"fmDD"日" HH24:MI:SS') FROM dual;

TO_DATE

SELECT TO_DATE('2005-12-06', 'yyyy-mm-dd') FROM dual;

TO_NUMBER

SELECT TO_NUMBER('100') FROM dual;

**********************************************************************************************

集合操作符

union all 连接两个表或者多个表为一个视图

MINUS 操作符返回从第一个查询结果中排除第二个查

询中出现的行。

INTERSECT 操作符只返回两个查询的公共行。

**********************************************************************************************

锁定的优点

1.一致性 - 一次只允许一个用户修改数据

2.完整性 - 为所有用户提供正确的数据。如果一个用户进行了修改并保存，所做的修改将反映给所有用户

3.并行性－允许多个用户访问同一数据

行级锁和表级锁

行级锁:是一种排他锁,防止其他事务修改此行.

解锁：提交事务(commit),(rollback)

---------------------------------------------------------------

更新表数据:update test set score=80 where name='xiaoli';

--------------------------------------------------------------

自动提交

set autocommit on

set sutocommit off

------------------------------------------------------------

锁定某行更新语句

select * from scott.test where name='xiaoli' for update;

SELECT * FROM order_master WHERE vencode='V002' FOR UPDATE OF odate,del_date;

select * from scott.test where name='xiaoli' for update of score;

select * from scott.test atest,test b where a.name=b.name and b.name='bbb' for update of b.score;

--------------------------------------------------------------------

等待update

select * from scott.test where name='xiaoli' for update wait 2;

select * from scott.test where name='xiaoli' for update nowait;

-------------------------------------------------------------------

表级锁：锁定整个表

表级锁语法:lock table 表名 in mode mode;

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

行共享row share--行排他row exclusive--共享share-共享行排他share row exclusive-----排他exclusive

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

行共享(row share):lock table scott.test in (row share) mode;

[其他用户.行共享---其他用户.行排他---其他用户.共享----其他用户.共享行排他----其他用户.不可以(排他)]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

行排他(row exclusive):lock table scott.test in (row exclusive) mode;

[其他用户.行共享----其他用户.行排他----其他用户.不可以(共享)---其他用户.不可以(共享行排他)--其他用户.不可以(排他)]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

共享(share):lock table scott.test in (share) mode;

[其他用户.行共享---其他用户.不可以(行排他)---其他用户.共享----其他用户.不可以(共享行排他)---其他用户.不可以(排他)]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

共享行排他(share row exclusive):lock table scott.test in (share row exclusive) mode;

[其他用户.行共享,其他用户.不可以(行排他),其他用户.不可以(共享),其他用户.不可以(共享行排他),其他用户.不可以(排他)]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

排他(exclusive):lock table scott.test in (exclusive) mode;

[其他用户.不可以(行共享),其他用户.不可以(行排他),其他用户.不可以(共享),其他用户.不可以(共享行排他,)其他用户.不可以(排他)]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

死锁

当两个事务相互等待对方释放资源时，就会形成死锁

Oracle会自动检测死锁，并通过结束其中的一个事务来解决死锁

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

表分区

---范围分区

create table test(name varchar2(20),sex char(2),score number(3))

partition by range(score)

(

partition p1 values less than (50) tablespace users,

partition p2 values less than (80),

partitiom p3 values less than (maxvalue)

)

select * from test partition(p1) union select * from test partitiom(p3);

---

删除分区

alter table test drop partition p3;

添加分区

alter table test add partition p3 values less than (maxvalue);

拆分分区

alter table test split partition p2 at(60)

into (partition p21,partition p22);

合并分区

alter table test merge partitions p21,p22 into partition p2;

截断分区(删除数据)

alter table test truncate partition p3;

现有表分区

create table str as select * from student;

drop table student;

create table student(

studentid integer not null,

studentname varchar2(20),

score integer

)

partition by range(score)(

partition p1 values less than(60),

partition p2 values less than(75),

partition p3 values less than(85),

partition p4 values less than(maxvalue)

)

insert into student(select * from stu);

select * from test

原文出自：http://hi.baidu.com/gexin2009/item/2a93500615436ae4f45ba6ca

oracle同步tnp时间,oracle操作命令大全

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