由尚德linux系统编程录,linux系统编程（由尚德）

1、进程

a)pid——进程标识符

pid_t getpid()

pid_t getppid()

b)安全机制

int setgroups(size_t num，const gid_t *list)

int getgroups(size_t num，gid_t *list)

int setreuid(uid_t ruid，uid_t euid)

int setregid(gid_t rgid，gid_t egid)

int setuid(uid_t uid)

int setgid(gid_t gid)

int seteuid(uid_t uid)

int setegid(gid_t uid)

uid_t getuid()

uid_t geteuid()

gid_t getgid()

gid_t getegid()

c)程序参数

int main(int argc，char * argv[])

extern char *environ[]

const char *getenv(const char *name)

int putenv(const char *string)

int setenv(const char *name，const char *value，int overwrite)

d)资源使用

int getrusage(int who，struct rusage *usage)#include

e)建立使用限制

int getrlimit(int resources，struct rlimit *rlim)

int setrlimint(int resources，const struct rlimit *rlim)

f)创建子进程

#include

pid_t fork()

g)等待子进程结束

pid_t wait4(pid_t pid，int *status，int options，struct rusage *rusage)

pid_t wait(int *status)

pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid，int *status，int options)

pid_t wait3(int *status，int options，struct rusage *rusage)

h)运行新程序

int execl(const char *path，const char * arg0，…)

int execlp(const char *file，const char * arg0，…)

int execle(const char *path，const char * arg0，…)

int execv(const char *path，const char **arg)

int execvp(const char *file，const char **arg)

int execve(const char *file，const char **arg)

i)终止

void exit(int exitcode)

void _exit(int exitcode)

int kill(pid_t pid，int signum)

j)简单子进程

int system(const char *cmd)

FIFE *popen(const char *cmd，const char *mode)

int pclose(FILE *stream)

2、文件管理

a)文件描述符

stdin、stdout、stderr

b)文件操作

int close(int fd)#include

int open(char *pathname，int flags，mode_t mode)

int open(char *pathname，mode_t mode)

size_t read(int fd，void *buf，size_t length)

size_t write(int fd，const void *buf，size_t length)

int lseek(int fd，off_t offset，int whence)

SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

int truncate(const char *pathname，size_tlength)

int ftruncate(int fd，size_t length)

int fsync(int fd)

int fdatasync(int fd)

c)查询和修改inode信息

#include

int stat(const char *pathname，struct stat * statbuf)

int lstat(const char *pathname，struct stat * statbuf)

int fstat(int fd，struct stat * statbuf)

d)测试访问权限

int access(const char *pathname，int mode)

F_OK、R_OK、W_OK、X_OK

#include

int chmod(const char *pathname，mode_t mode)

int fchmod(int fd，mode_t mode)

e)Ext3扩展属性

int ioctl(int fd，int request，void *arg)

EXT3_IOC_GETFLAGS, EXT3_IOC_SETFLAGS

f)操作目录项

int mknod(const char *pathname，mode_t mode，dev_t dev)

S_IFIFO、S_IFBLK，S_IFCHAR

Makedev(major，minor)major()minor()

int link(const char *origpath，const char *newpath)硬链接

int symlink(const char *origpath，const char *newpath)符号链接

int readlink(const char *pathname，char *buf，size_t bufsize)

int unlink(char *pathname)

int rename(const char *oldpath，const char *newpath)

g)操作文件描述符

int fcntl(int fd，int command，long arg)

int pipe(int fds[2])

3、信号处理

void *signal(int signum，void *handler)

SIG_IGN，SIG_DFL，SIGKILL，SIGSTOP

a)发送信号

int tkill(pid_t pid，int signum)

int raise(int signum)

#include

int sigemptyset(sigset_t *set)

int sigfillyset(sigset_t *set)

int sigaddyset(sigset_t *set，int signum)

int sigdelset(sigset_t *set，int signum)

int sigismember(const sigset_t *set，int signum)

int sigaction(int signum，struct sigaction *act，struct sigaction *oact)

int sigprocmask(int what，const sigset_t *set，sigset_t *oldset)

SIG_BLOCK，SIG_UNBLOCK，SIG_SETMASK

int sigpending(sigset_t *set)

int pause(void)

int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *mask)

获取信号信息

void handler(int signum，siginfo_t *siginfo，void *context)

struct sigaction{

union{

__sighandler_t sa_handler

__sigaction_t sa_sigaction

}

sigset_t sa_mask;

unsigned long sa_flags

}

si_signo

si_code：SI_USER，SI_QUEUE，SI_TKILL，SI_KERNEL

SIGSEGVSEGV_MAPERR

SEGV_ACCERR

SIGBUSBUS_ADRALN

BUS_ADDERR

BUS_OBJERR

SIGCHLDCLD_EXITED

CLD_KILLED

CLD_STOPPED

void *sigqueue(pid_t pid，int signum，const union sigval value)

union sigval{

int sival_int

void *sival_ptr

}

4、高级文件操作

#include

int poll(struct pollfd *fds，int numfds，int timeout)

struct pollfd{

int fd

short events

short revents

}

POLLIN，POLLPRI，POLLOUT，POLLERR，POLLHUP，POLLNVAL

#include

int select(int numfds，fd_set *readfds，fd_set *writefds，fd_set *exceptfds，struct timeval *timeout)

FD_ZERO(fd_set *fds)FD_SET(int fd，fd_set *fds)

FD_CLR(int fd，fd_set *fds)FD_ISSET(int fd，fd_set *fds)

#include

int epoll_create(int numDescriptors)

int epoll_ctl(int epfd，int op，int fd，struct epoll_event *event)

int epoll_wait(int epfd，struct epoll_event *events，int maxevents，int timeout)

5、目录操作

char *getcwd(char *buf，size_t size)

get_current_dir_name()

int chdir(const char *pathname)

int fchdir(int fd)

int chroot(const char *path)chdir(“/”)

int mkdir(const char *dirname，mod_t mode)

int rmdir(const char *pathname)ENOEMPTY

DIR *opendir(const char *pathname)

int closedir(DIR *dir)

struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir)d_named_ino

int rewinddir(DIR *dir)

文件名匹配

int glob(const char *pattern，int flags，int errfunc(const char *epath，int eerrno)，glob_t *pglob)

typedef struct{

int gl_pathc

char **gl_pathv

int gl_offs

}glob_t

int globerr(const char *pathname，int globerror)

void globfree(glob_t *pglob)

GLOB_NOSPACEGLOB_ABENDGLOB_NOMATCH

6、Socket网络

#include

struct sockaddr{

unsigned short sa_family

char sa_data[MAXSOCKADDRDATA]

}

基本套接字操作

int socket(int domain，int type，int protocol)

domain:PF_UNIXPF_INETPF_INET6

type: SOCK_STREAMSOCK_DGRAM SOCK_RAW

protocol: IPPROTO_ICMP、IPPROTO_ICMPV6、IPPROTO_IPIP

IPPROTO_IPV6、IPPROTO_RAW、IPPROTO_TCP、IPPROTO_UDP

int bind(int sock，struct sockaddr *my_addr，socklen_t addrlen)

int listen(int sock，int baklog)

int accept(int sock，struct sockaddr *my_addr，socklen_t *addrlen)

int connect(int sock，struct sockaddr *servaddr，socklen_t addrlen)

int getpeername(int s，struct sockaddr *addr，socklen_t *addrlen)

int getsockname(int s，struct sockaddr *addr，socklen_t *addrlen)

Unix域套接字

#include

struct sockaddr_un{

unsigned short sun_family

char sun_path[UNIX_PATH_MAX]

}

UNIX_PATH_MAX = 108