在操作某些模块的时候，模块会返回数据到串口，我们通过读取串口的数据，分析模块的运行情况是比较常见的方法。而matlab也有读取串口数据的能力，并加上其强大的绘图能力，可以让数据更为直观的可视化，便于用户更加了解这个模块的运行情况，方便调试。
我画的大概就是这个样子：
这里仅仅设计五个功能，打开串口读取数据、数据可视化、清除图像、关闭窗口、程序运行进度条。
代码如下：
function varargout = shoudongshuju11_10(varargin)
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @shoudongshuju11_10_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @shoudongshuju11_10_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before shoudongshuju11_10 is made visible.
function shoudongshuju11_10_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to shoudongshuju11_10 (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for shoudongshuju11_10
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes shoudongshuju11_10 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = shoudongshuju11_10_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in openchuankou.
function openchuankou_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to openchuankou (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
delete(instrfindall);
global zuobiao
global result
delta = 0;
s1 = serial('COM3','Parity','none','BaudRate',115200,'DataBits',8,'StopBits',1,'InputBufferSize',500);%定义串口
h=1;
for i=1:100
k=1;
fopen(s1);
out = fread(s1,500);%读取的串口数据
fclose(s1);
fid = fopen('shuju.bin','w');
fwrite(fid,out,'uint8');
fclose(fid);
fid = fopen('shuju.bin','rb');
A = fread(fid,500);
fclose(fid);
%找到正确数据的位置
m=1;
while(A(m)~=0||A(m+1)~=0||A(m+3)~=0||A(m+5)~=0||A(m+7)~=0)
m = m+1;
if(m+7>500)
break;
end
end
%把每个轴的转化为十进制
k = 1;
while((length(A)-m)>=6)
zuobiao(k,1) = bitand((A(m+1)*16+A(m+2)),4095); %取后三位求加速度值，第一位为0，F表示方向，bitand是与操作，直接和0xFFF(4095)与操作，直接得出值
zuobiao(k,2) = bitand((A(m+3)*16+A(m+4)),4095);
zuobiao(k,3) = bitand((A(m+5)*16+A(m+6)),4095);
m = m+7;
k = k+1;
end
%计算每个点的合加速度
for l = 1:length(zuobiao(:,1))
result(l) = zuobiao(l,1)^2 +zuobiao(l,2)^2+ zuobiao(l,3)^2;
end
% %计算不符合要求的数据点
% % B = find(delta<33.0150|delta>514.6777);
%符合要求的数据点的个数
result_old = delta;
delta = length(result) - length(find(result< 5.3925e+04|result>3.2494e+07));
axes(handles.plot);
a = [h,h+1];
b = [result_old,delta];
plot(a,b);
hold on;
set(handles.edit1,'string',['程序进行中：',num2str(h),'%']);
h = h+1;
end
% --- Executes on button press in close.
function close_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to close (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
close;
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function plot_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to plot (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: place code in OpeningFcn to populate plot
% --- Executes on button press in clear_plot.
function clear_plot_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to clear_plot (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.plot);
hg = get(gca,'children');
delete(hg);
function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
几个关键点的说明：
Point 1：
delete(instrfindall);
在打开串口的时候，使用这条语句可避免一些不必要的错误，如找不到某个串口。写在打开串口控件的callback最前面。
Point 2：
s1 = serial('COM3','Parity','none','BaudRate',115200,'DataBits',8,'StopBits',1,'InputBufferSize',500);%定义串口
fopen(s1);
out = fread(s1,500);%读取的串口数据
fclose(s1);
这里的串口读取是当检测到InputBufferSize缓冲区满的时候，通过fread把数据读出来，并将缓冲区清空以供下一组的数据接收。数据传递我用了一个文档。数据传递这样其实并不好，我目前仅会此一种。
Point 3：
axes(handles.plot);
先声明这条语句，值得是你接下来的图将画在哪个中，这里我只有一个图，这 这条语句在哪里都没关系，如果图比较多的时候，他的位置就很重要了。handles.plot是这个图的句柄。
Point 4：
a = [h,h+1];
b = [result_old,delta];
plot(a,b);
hold on;
这里有一个图形的动态显示，就是来一个点就把这个点画在后面，实现动态显示的功能。其大致操作为：用一组点存储前一个数据点，当新来一个数据点的话，就用plot函数在这两个点之间画一条直线，然后hold on 。
Point 5：
set(handles.edit1,'string',['程序进行中：',num2str(h),'%']);
动态文本框显示程序的进行程度，用这条语句即可，h可能是你循环的变量。
Point 6：
axes(handles.plot);
hg = get(gca,'children');
delete(hg);
清除这个句柄中的图像。
Point 7：
close;
关闭窗口，我直接用了一个close即可。
Point 8：
静态文本框中的内容不用设置回调，直接输入你想显示的内容就行。
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