C05 单例模式 序列化破坏单例模式原理解析及解决方案

序列化破坏单例模式演示

import java.io.Serializable;

public class HungrySingleton implements Serializable{

    private final static HungrySingleton hungrySingleton;

    static {
        hungrySingleton = new HungrySingleton();
    }

    private HungrySingleton() {}

    public static HungrySingleton getInstance() {
        return hungrySingleton;
    }

}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HungrySingleton instance = HungrySingleton.getInstance();

        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("singleton_file"));
        oos.writeObject(instance);

        File file = new File("singleton_file");
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));

        HungrySingleton newInstance = (HungrySingleton) ois.readObject();

        System.out.println(instance);
        System.out.println(newInstance);
        System.out.println(instance == newInstance);
    }
}

输出：

designpattern.creational.singleton.serializable.HungrySingleton@27bc2616
designpattern.creational.singleton.serializable.HungrySingleton@443b7951
false

解决方案

• 添加 readResolve() 方法；

import java.io.Serializable;

public class HungrySingleton implements Serializable{

    private final static HungrySingleton hungrySingleton;

    static {
        hungrySingleton = new HungrySingleton();
    }

    private HungrySingleton() {}

    public static HungrySingleton getInstance() {
        return hungrySingleton;
    }

    private Object readResolve() {
        return hungrySingleton;
    }

}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HungrySingleton instance = HungrySingleton.getInstance();

        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("singleton_file"));
        oos.writeObject(instance);

        File file = new File("singleton_file");
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));

        HungrySingleton newInstance = (HungrySingleton) ois.readObject();

        System.out.println(instance);
        System.out.println(newInstance);
        System.out.println(instance == newInstance);
    }
}

输出：

designpattern.creational.singleton.serializable.HungrySingleton@27bc2616
designpattern.creational.singleton.serializable.HungrySingleton@27bc2616
true

原理解析 & JDK源码跟踪

1. 调用ObjectInputStream的readObject()方法，从文件中反序列化出newInstance对象；

   
   
   

   1.png

2. readObject()方法调用的是readObject0()方法；

   
   
   

   2.png

3. readObject0()调用readOrdinaryObject(unshared)方法；

   
   
   

   3.png

4.1 desc是java.io.ObjectStreamClass类对象，是类在序列化时的描述符；
4.2 通过desc判断待反序列化的类是否是可实例化的；

4.png

5. 通过desc判断待反序列化的类（HungrySingleton）是否有名为readResolve的方法；
   

   

   5.png

6. 返回结果说明描述符desc描述的类HungrySingleton是有readResolve()方法的；

   
   
   

   6.png

7. 利用描述符desc进入反射调用的地方；

   
   
   

   7.png

8. 反射调用HungrySingleton的readResolve()方法；

   
   
   

   8.png

9. HungrySingleton的readResolve()方法被调用；

   
   
   

   9.png

10. 回到main方法中调用的ObjectInputStream的readObject()方法；

    
    
    

    10.png

11. 得到反序列化的结果，就是HungrySingleton中的单例hungrySingleton，而不是新的HungrySingleton实例；

    
    
    

    11.png