getpass.getpass([prompt[, stream]]):
prompt:为用户输入的提示字符串，默认为：Password:
>>> pwd = getpass.getpass()
Password:
>>> print pwd
123456
>>> pwd = getpass.getpass(prompt='please input your password: ')
please input your password:
>>> print pwd
dudiaohanjiangxue

getpass模块提供了两个函数。

getpass.getpass([prompt[, stream]])：提示用户输入密码。用户输入的内容并不会在屏幕上显示出来。

###########

getpass.getuser()：获得登陆的用户名


>>> user = getpass.getuser()
>>> print user
root
#This function checks the environment variables LOGNAME, USER, LNAME and USERNAME, in order, and returns the value of the first one which is set to a non-empty string. If none are set, the login name from the password database is returned on systems which support the pwd module, otherwise, an exception is raised
#这个函数会按顺序检查环境变量：LOGNAME,USER,LNAME,USERNAME
>>> import os
>>> os.system('echo $LOGNAME')
root
0
>>> os.system('echo $USER')
root
0
>>> os.system('echo $LNAME')
0