今天完成一个OSPF的综合实验，利用所学知识实战一下：
这里借用以下工大瑞普的OSPF综合实验拓扑图，感谢工大瑞普的分享。
 
废话不多说，实验开始（每个路由器的接口的IP地址配置省略）
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

 

1．  配置帧中继交换机PVC链路

将图中R9模拟配置成帧中继交换机
首先，应该在全局配置模式下输入
frame-relay switching开启帧中继交换功能

 

S1/0、S1/1、S1/2配置如下：
interface Serial1/0
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay // 接口封装帧中继
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000 // 配置时钟，用于同步数据传输的速率
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco // 配置帧中继 LMI （本地管理接口）封装类型
 frame-relay intf-type dce // 配置帧中继接口类型
 frame-relay route 203 interface Serial1/1 302
 frame-relay route 204 interface Serial1/2 402
// 配置 DLCI 的路由，在这个配置中意思是从 DLCI 为 204 的数据从 s1/2 口转发出去，并且从 402 DLCI 到达目的地。这条 PVC 由 DLCI 204 和 402 来标识
!
interface Serial1/1
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 302 interface Serial1/0 203
!
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 402 interface Serial1/0 204

 

OK，这样就把R9模拟成帧中继交换机，实验继续

 

2．配置area 0 区域，指定合适的DR路由器，并且要求自动形成邻居关系。

   这里我将帧中继网路类型配置成point to multipoint类型，因此不选举DR/BDR

R2:
 interface Serial1/2
 ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.2 203 broadcast
 frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.3 204 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

 

R3:
interface Serial1/2
 ip address 172.17.1.2 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.1 302 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 4
 network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

 

R4:
interface Serial1/2
 ip address 172.17.1.3 255.255.255.0
 encapsulation frame-relay
 ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
 serial restart-delay 0
 frame-relay map ip 172.17.1.1 402 broadcast
 no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
router ospf 1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
 network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

 

我们来看下结果：

r2#sh ip os nei

 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
172.17.1.3        0   FULL/  -        00:01:47    172.17.1.3      Serial1/2
172.17.1.2        0   FULL/  -        00:01:31    172.17.1.2      Serial1/2
172.16.3.1        1   FULL/  -        00:00:34    10.1.1.1        Serial1/0
实验成功

 

 

 

3.配置虚链路解决区域分割问题

先来看看R4路由器上的路由条目
r4#sh ip rou

 

     172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C       172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2
O       172.17.1.1/32 [110/64] via 172.17.1.1, 00:51:01, Serial1/2
O       172.17.1.2/32 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:51:01, Serial1/2
     172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA    172.16.1.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA    172.16.0.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA    172.16.3.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA    172.16.2.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
     172.19.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA    172.19.0.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA    172.19.1.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
     172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O       172.18.1.1 [110/65] via 10.1.3.2, 00:49:06, Serial1/1
O       172.18.0.1 [110/65] via 10.1.3.2, 00:49:06, Serial1/1
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA    10.1.2.0 [110/192] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2
O IA    10.1.1.0 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:49:06, Serial1/2

 

可以看出R4路由表没有到达区域3的路由信息，造成这种情况的由于区域3没有和主干区域0相连，我们知道OSPF采用层次设计时，非主干区域都必须和主干区域相连，当非主干区域没有和主干区域相连时，OSPF提供了一种解决方法，那就是配置Virtual-link。

 

Virtual-link配置命令为在路由配置命令下输入

area area-di virtual-link neighbor-id

  
r4(config)#router os 1
r4(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 172.18.1.1

 

r7(config)#router os 1
r7(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 172.17.1.3

 

查看下结果：
r4#sh ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL1 to router 172.18.1.1 is up
  Run as demand circuit
  DoNotAge LSA allowed.
  Transit area 2, via interface Serial1/1, Cost of using 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    Hello due in 00:00:01
    Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
    Index 2/3, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1
    First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
    Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1
    Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

 

r4#sh ip rou

 

     172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C       172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2
O       172.17.1.1/32 [110/64] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O       172.17.1.2/32 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
     172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA    172.16.1.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA    172.16.0.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA    172.16.3.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA    172.16.2.1 [110/129] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
     172.19.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA    172.19.0.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
O IA    172.19.1.1 [110/193] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:39, Serial1/2
     172.18.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O       172.18.1.1 [110/65] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:50, Serial1/1
O       172.18.0.1 [110/65] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:50, Serial1/1
     172.20.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O IA    172.20.1.1 [110/129] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1

O IA    172.20.0.1 [110/129] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1

O IA    172.20.3.1 [110/129] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1

O IA    172.20.2.1 [110/129] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA    10.1.2.0 [110/192] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:40, Serial1/2
O IA    10.1.1.0 [110/128] via 172.17.1.1, 00:03:40, Serial1/2
O IA    10.1.4.0 [110/128] via 10.1.3.2, 00:03:40, Serial1/1

 

Ok，实验成功。