1、@Configuration标注在类上,相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的<beans>
,作用为:配置spring容器(应用上下文)
package com.test.spring.support.configuration; @Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); } }
相当于:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false"> </beans>
主方法进行测试:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration; public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { //@Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //如果加载spring-context.xml文件: //ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml"); } }
从运行主方法结果可以看出,spring容器已经启动了:
八月 11, 2016 12:04:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@203e25d3: startup date [Thu Aug 11 12:04:11 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
spring容器启动初始化。。。
2、@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于spring的xml配置文件中的<bean>
,作用为:注册bean对象
bean类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration; public class TestBean { public void sayHello(){ System.out.println("TestBean sayHello..."); } public String toString(){ return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password; } public void start(){ System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。"); } public void cleanUp(){ System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。"); } }
配置类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration; @Configuration public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); } //@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法 //@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp") @Bean @Scope("prototype") public TestBean testBean() { return new TestBean(); } }
主方法测试类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration; public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //获取bean TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean"); tb.sayHello(); } }
注:
(1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认与标注的方法名相同;
(2)、@Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域,可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域;
(3)、既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象,那么完全可以使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean,当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。
bean类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration; //添加注册bean的注解 @Component public class TestBean { public void sayHello(){ System.out.println("TestBean sayHello..."); } public String toString(){ return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password; } }
配置类:
-
@Configuration //添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.test.spring.support.configuration") public class TestConfiguration { public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); } //取消@Bean注解注册bean的方式 //@Bean //@Scope("prototype") //public TestBean testBean() { // return new TestBean(); //} }
主方法测试获取bean对象:
public class TestMain { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class); //获取bean TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean"); tb.sayHello(); } }
sayHello()方法都被正常调用。