Linux系统环境下如何获得U盘拔插的信息

获得U盘的插入或者拔取得信息的传统方法是在内核级运行hotplug程序，相关参数通过环境变量传递过来，再由hotplug通知其他关注hotplug的应用程序。这样的做法效率有些低，现在通过一种特殊类型的socket netlink实现获取U盘拔插的信息。netlink专门用于内核空间和用户空间的异步通信。

下面的例子可以监听内核的hotplug事件，源代码如下：

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <sys/un.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/netlink.h> #include <errno.h> #define UEVENT_BUFFER_SIZE 2048 static int init_hotplug_sock(void); int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int hotplug_sock = init_hotplug_sock(); while(1){ char buf[UEVENT_BUFFER_SIZE*2] = {0}; recv(hotplug_sock, &buf, sizeof(buf), 0); printf("%s\n", buf); } return 0; } static int init_hotplug_sock(void) { struct sockaddr_nl snl; const int buffersize = 16 * 1024 * 1024; int retval; memset(&snl, 0x00, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl)); snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK; snl.nl_pid = getpid(); snl.nl_groups = 1; int hotplug_sock = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT); if (hotplug_sock == -1) { printf("error getting socket: %s", strerror(errno)); return -1; } /* set receive buffersize */ setsockopt(hotplug_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &buffersize, sizeof(buffersize)); retval = bind(hotplug_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl)); if (retval < 0) { printf("bind failed: %s", strerror(errno)); close(hotplug_sock); hotplug_sock = -1; return -1; } return hotplug_sock; }