Nginx负载均衡

常用2种类型

1)、轮询（默认）

每个请求按时间顺序逐一分配到不同的后端服务器，如果后端服务器down掉，能自动剔除。

2)、ip_hash

每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配，这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决session的问题。

weight=number

设定服务器的权重，默认是1。

max_fails=number

设定Nginx与服务器通信的尝试失败的次数。在fail_timeout参数定义的时间段内，如果失败的次数达到此值，Nginx就认为服务器不可用。在下一个fail_timeout时间段，服务器不会再被尝试。失败的尝试次数默认是1。设为0就会停止统计尝试次数，认为服务器是一直可用的。你可以通过指令proxy_next_upstream、 fastcgi_next_upstream和 memcached_next_upstream来配置什么是失败的尝试。默认配置时，http_404状态不被认为是失败的尝试。

fail_timeout=time

设定

统计失败尝试次数的时间段。在这段时间中，服务器失败次数达到指定的尝试次数，服务器就被认为不可用。

服务器被认为不可用的时间段。

默认情况下，该超时时间是10秒。

backup

标记为备用服务器。当主服务器不可用以后，请求会被传给这些服务器。

down

标记服务器永久不可用，可以跟ip_hash指令一起使用。

例如：

1、

upstream tv_server_pool{

server 192.168.10.1:80 weight=1 max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;

server 192.168.10.2:80 weight=2 max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;

}

解释：来3次请求，1次访问192.168.10.1,2次访问192.168.10.2，30s内检测2次，失效就找下一个服务器。


2、

upstream 192.168.10.200

   {

  ip_hash;

  server 192.168.10.1:80;

  server 192.168.10.2:80;

}


案例nginx为tomcat做负载均衡

拓扑图：

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软件环境：centos6.464位

所需软件：jdk、tomcat、nginx

安装步骤：

1、下载最新的源码包：

nginx-1.5.2.tar.gz、apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz、jdk-7u25-linux-x64.tar.gz

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2、解压jdk

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3、编辑环境变量

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_25

exportCLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

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更新环境变量

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查看java的版本

[root@localhost ~]# java -version

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4、安装tomcat

解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvfapache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

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将tomcat重命名

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编辑环境变量



[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile

export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat

export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat

export CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat


184526255.png


更新


[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile


编辑tomcat的配置文件

[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml




   <Host name="localhost" appBase="/usr/local/www/web1"

          unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

<Context path=""docBase="/usr/local/www/web1" debug="0"reloadable="true"/>

184630275.png

编辑它的启动文件

[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE

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编辑它的停止文件

[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/shutdown.sh

export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE

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同理产生并配置tomcat2、tomcat3、tomcat4

[root@localhost local]# cp -rapache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat2

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile

export TOMCAT_2_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat2

export CATALINA_2_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat2

export CATALINA_2_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat2

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[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile

[root@localhost local]# vim /usr/local/tomcat2/conf/server.xml

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122

123 <Host name="localhost" appBase="/usr/local/www/web2"

124              unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">

125              <Context path=""docBase="/usr/local/www/web2" debug="0"reloadable="true"/>185012548.png


[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh

61 export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_2_HOME

62export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_2_BASE

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[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/shutdown.sh


61 export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_2_HOME

62export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_2_BASE

185057328.png




[root@localhost local]# cp -rapache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat3

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile


export TOMCAT_3_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat3

export CATALINAP_3_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat3

export CATALINA_3_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat3

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[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile

[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat3/conf/server.xml


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<Host name="localhost" appBase="/usr/local/www/web3"

             unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">

             <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/www/web3"debug="0" reloadable="true"/>


185251984.png

[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat3/bin/startup.sh

export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_3_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_3_BASE

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[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat3/bin/shutdown.sh


export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_3_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_3_BASE



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[root@localhost local]# cp -rapache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat4

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile



export TOMCAT_4_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat4

export CATALINA_4_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat4

export CATALINA_4_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat4

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[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile

[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat4/conf/server.xml


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<Host name="localhost"  appBase="/usr/local/www/web4"

              unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">

                            <Contextpath="" docBase="/usr/local/www/web4" debug="0"reloadable="true"/>


185507631.png


[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat4/bin/startup.sh

export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_4_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_4_BASE


185528495.png


[root@localhost local]# vim/usr/local/tomcat4/bin/shutdown.sh

export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_4_HOME

export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_4_BASE

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启动tomcat

[root@localhost local]#/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

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停止tomcat

[root@localhost local]#/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

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5、安装pcre-devel （pcre的开发包）

切换的我们的光盘中

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Packages/

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.x86_64.rpm

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6、安装nginx

在安装之前查看有没有装开发工具

[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist |less



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如果没有安装，可以通过yum安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall"Development tools"


解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.5.2.tar.gz-C /usr/local/src/

[root@localhost ~]# cd/usr/local/src/nginx-1.5.2/

创建用户

[root@localhost nginx-1.5.2]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx

[root@localhost nginx-1.5.2]#

定制

[root@localhost nginx-1.5.2]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx--with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module  --without-http_uwsgi_module--without-http_scgi_module --without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module--with-http_perl_module --with-pcre








checking for PCRE JIT support ... not found

checking for OpenSSL library ... not found

它提示没有发现OpenSSLlibrary

安装

[root@localhost Packages]# yum installopenssl-devel



./configure: error: perl moduleExtUtils::Embed is required

又提示没有perlmodule ExtUtils

安装

[root@localhost Packages]# yum installperl-ExtUtils-Embed

编译

[root@localhost nginx-1.5.2]#make  

安装

[root@localhost nginx-1.5.2]#make install

7、编辑配置文件

A、基于轮循的

[root@localhost ~]# vim/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user nginx;

worker_processes 8;  


pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;  

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;  


events

{  

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;  

}  

http{

include       mime.types;  

default_type application/octet-stream;  

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;  

client_header_buffer_size 32k;  

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;  

client_max_body_size 8m;  

sendfile on;  

tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout 60;  

tcp_nodelay on;  

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;  

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;  

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;  

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;  

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;  

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;  

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;  

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;  

gzip_buffers     4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;  

gzip_comp_level 2;  

gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascripttext/css application/xml;  

gzip_vary on;  


upstream 192.168.10.201 {

server 192.168.10.201:8080 weight=5;

server 192.168.10.201:9090 weight=5;

server 192.168.10.201:6060 weight=5;

server 192.168.10.201:7070 weight=5;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name 192.168.10.201;  

location / {  

root html ;

index index.jsp index.htm index.html;  

proxy_redirect off;  

proxy_set_header Host $host;  

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP$remote_addr;  

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  

proxy_pass http://192.168.10.201;  

}  


location /nginx {  

access_log on;  

auth_basic "NginxStatus";  

#auth_basic_user_file/usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;  

}  


log_format access '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '  

'$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" '  

'"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for';  

access_log logs/access.log access;  


}  

}



启动nginx

[root@localhostconf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx


[root@localhostconf]# cd /usr/local/www/web1

创建主页面

[root@localhostweb1]# vim index.jsp


web1


同理创建其他站点主页



8、配置防火墙

添加一条允许访问80端口

[root@localhost~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

-A INPUT -mstate --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT


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重启

[root@localhost~]# service iptables restart

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关闭selinux

[root@localhost~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

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查看

[root@localhost~]# getenforce

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启动


[root@localhost~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx


查看端口

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测试

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B、基于ip_hash


[root@localhost~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

   user nginx;

   worker_processes 8;

   pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

   worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

   events

   {

   use epoll;

   worker_connections 51200;

   }

   http{

   include       mime.types;

   default_type application/octet-stream;

   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

   client_header_buffer_size 32k;

   large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

   client_max_body_size 8m;

   sendfile on;

   tcp_nopush     on;

   keepalive_timeout 60;

   tcp_nodelay on;

   fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

   fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

   fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

   fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

   fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

   fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

   fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

   gzip on;

   gzip_min_length 1k;

   gzip_buffers     4 16k;

   gzip_http_version 1.0;

   gzip_comp_level 2;

   gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascripttext/css application/xml;

   gzip_vary on;


   upstream 192.168.10.201

   {

   ip_hash;

   server 192.168.10.201:8080;

   server 192.168.10.201:9090;

    server192.168.10.201:6060;

   server 192.168.10.201:7070;

   }

   server {

   listen 80;

   server_name 192.168.10.201;

   location / {

   root html ;

   index index.php index.htm index.html;

   proxy_redirect off;

   proxy_set_header Host $host;

   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

   proxy_pass http://192.168.10.201;

   }


   location /nginx {

   access_log off;

   auth_basic "NginxStatus";

   #auth_basic_user_file/usr/local/nginx/htpasswd;

   }


   log_format access '$remote_addr -$remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

   '$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" '

   '"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for';

   access_log logs/access.log access;

   }

}

[root@localhost~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

测试


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