某天，在xenserver中的某一台主机启动后发现IP地址是DHCP获得的，但是网段却是我从没有配置过的。想了很久都不记得自己曾经架过这么一台DHCP服务器。我要做的就是揪出它，看看是哪台机器在提供DHCP服务。google了下，找到了通过抓包的方法，经验证是可行的。

查看dhcp client的IP地址是172.20.10.54

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:3E:14:0A:74
          inet addr:172.20.10.54  Bcast:172.20.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::216:3eff:fe14:a74/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2657 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:188 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:232533 (227.0 KiB)  TX bytes:33943 (33.1 KiB)

  登陆到dhcp client上，利用tcpdump软件抓包，指定端口是67（也有可能是68）.如果不确定，可以先用

netstat -an|grep 67

netstat -an|grep 68

  查看哪个端口目前在监听，tcpdump的port选项就填正listen的那个端口。

  开始抓包

[root@centos ~]# tcpdump -e -i eth0 -nn port 67
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes
09:12:24.805483 00:16:3e:14:0a:75 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 342: 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 00:16:3e:14:0a:75, length: 300
09:12:24.806055 00:16:3e:14:0a:75 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 342: 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 00:16:3e:14:0a:75, length: 300
09:13:39.274700 00:16:3e:14:0a:73 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 342: 0.0.0.0.68 > 255.255.255.255.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 00:16:3e:14:0a:73, length: 300
09:14:36.020156 00:16:3e:14:0a:74 > 14:fe:b5:d9:05:d8, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 342: 172.20.10.116.68 > 172.20.10.230.67: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 00:16:3e:14:0a:74, length: 300
09:14:36.020564 14:fe:b5:d9:05:d8 > 00:16:3e:14:0a:74, ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 342: 172.20.10.230.67 > 172.20.10.116.68: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length: 300

  如果用tcpdump这个命令等了一会还是没有包出来后，可以人为的ping某台机器试试，例如

[root@centos ~]# ping 172.20.10.117
PING 172.20.10.117 (172.20.10.117) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.20.10.117: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.367 ms
64 bytes from 172.20.10.117: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.157 ms
64 bytes from 172.20.10.117: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.172 ms
64 bytes from 172.20.10.117: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms
64 bytes from 172.20.10.117: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.157 ms

   这样就能利用tcpdump抓到dhcp的包了，就能发现到底是哪台dhcp服务器在作祟了。

   可以看到原来是172.20.10.230这台服务器在提供dhcp服务，ssh连上去停掉dhcp服务即可！！