Android后台运行定时器,方便我们运行定位跟踪等任务需求。 以下简要说明实现Android后台定时器的要点, 文章末尾能够下载到project代码,可直接编译运行。
AndroidManifest.xml 文件内容例如以下:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.routing.videocamera" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" android:targetSdkVersion="16" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="com.routing.videocamera.Video" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:enabled="true" android:name=".TimerService" /> <receiver android:name=".AutoReceiver" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> </manifest>
当中关键的代码是赋予项目 RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED 权限 :
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
Video.java 文件的内容例如以下 :
package com.routing.videocamera;
public class Video extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_video);
Intent intent=new Intent(this,AutoReceiver.class);
intent.setAction("VIDEO_TIMER");
PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, intent, 0);
AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
am.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 10*1000, sender);
Button btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.buttonSave);
btnStart.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
Context ctx = Video.this;
SharedPreferences sp = ctx.getSharedPreferences("VIDEO", MODE_PRIVATE);
//存入数据
Editor editor = sp.edit();
String serverAddr = sp.getString("ServerAddr", "NULL");
String cameraName = sp.getString("CameraName", "NULL");
int cameraID = sp.getInt("CameraID", 0);
int cameraPort = sp.getInt("CameraPort", 0);
EditText editServerAddr = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editServerAddr);
editServerAddr.setText(serverAddr);
EditText editCameraName = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editCameraName);
editCameraName.setText(cameraName);
EditText editCameraID = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editCameraID);
editCameraID.setText(Integer.toString(cameraID));
EditText editCameraPort = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editCameraPort);
editCameraPort.setText(Integer.toString(cameraPort));
}
private void saveSetting ()
{
EditText editServerAddr = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editServerAddr);
String serverAddr = editServerAddr.getText().toString();
EditText editCameraName = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editCameraName);
String cameraName = editCameraName.getText().toString();
EditText editCameraID = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editCameraID);
int cameraID = Integer.parseInt(editCameraID.getText().toString());
EditText editCameraPort = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editCameraPort);
int cameraPort = Integer.parseInt(editCameraPort.getText().toString());
//获取SharedPreferences对象
Context ctx = Video.this;
SharedPreferences sp = ctx.getSharedPreferences("VIDEO", MODE_PRIVATE);
//存入数据
Editor editor = sp.edit();
if (serverAddr != "")
editor.putString("ServerAddr", serverAddr);
if (cameraName != "")
editor.putString("CameraName", cameraName);
editor.putInt("CameraID", cameraID);
editor.putInt("CameraPort", cameraPort);
editor.commit();
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
{
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_video, menu);
return true;
}
private OnClickListener clickListener = new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
int ret = 0;
switch(v.getId())
{
case R.id.buttonSave:
saveSetting ();
break;
}
}
};
}
该文件关键的代码是OnCreate函数中的以下4行代码 :
intent.setAction("VIDEO_TIMER");
PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, intent, 0);
AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
am.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 10*1000, sender);
intent.setAction("VIDEO_TIMER") 设置系统向应用程序发送的消息类型为 VIDEO_TIMER。
am.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 10*1000, sender); 该行代码让系统多久发送一次消息,我这里设置的是10秒发送一次VIDEO_TIMER消息。
发送出去的消息, 会在 class AutoReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver 类里进行接收,并处理。
package com.routing.videocamera;
public class TimerService extends Service
{
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.v("TimerService", "OnCreate");
}
private static String mUrl;
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Log.v("TimerService", "onStart");
Context ctx = TimerService.this;
//Context ctx = context;
SharedPreferences sp = ctx.getSharedPreferences("VIDEO", MODE_PRIVATE);
//存入数据
String serverAddr = sp.getString("ServerAddr", "");
String cameraName = sp.getString("CameraName", "");
int cameraID = sp.getInt("CameraID", 0);
int cameraPort = sp.getInt("CameraPort", 0);
if (serverAddr == "" || cameraName == "" || cameraID == 0 || cameraPort == 0 || serverAddr == "NULL" || cameraName == "NULL")
return;
String Url = serverAddr + "/cameramgr.php?
" + "CameraName=" + cameraName + "&CameraID=" + cameraID + "&CameraPort=" + cameraPort; Log.v("FFMPEG URL=", Url); mUrl = Url; new Thread() { @Override public void run() { HttpParams httpParams; // 创建 HttpParams 以用来设置 HTTP 參数(这一部分没必要的) httpParams = new BasicHttpParams(); // 设置连接超时和 Socket 超时,以及 Socket 缓存大小 HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 20 * 1000); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 20 * 1000); HttpConnectionParams.setSocketBufferSize(httpParams, 8192); // 设置重定向,缺省为 true HttpClientParams.setRedirecting(httpParams, true); // 设置 user agent String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2) Gecko/20100115 Firefox/3.6"; HttpProtocolParams.setUserAgent(httpParams, userAgent); // 创建一个 HttpClient 实例 // 注意 HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); 是Commons HttpClient // 中的使用方法,在 Android 1.5 中我们须要使用 Apache 的缺省实现 DefaultHttpClient HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParams); //String s = this.getName(); HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(mUrl); String strResult = "doGetError"; try { HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpRequest); if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); } else { strResult = "Error Response: " + httpResponse.getStatusLine().toString(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { strResult = e.getMessage().toString(); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { strResult = e.getMessage().toString(); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { strResult = e.getMessage().toString(); e.printStackTrace(); } Log.v("strResult", strResult); } }.start (); } public String doPost(String url, List<NameValuePair> params) { /* 建立HTTPPost对象 */ HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(url); String strResult = "doPostError"; try { /* 加入请求參数到请求对象 */ httpRequest.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8)); /* 发送请求并等待响应 */ HttpParams httpParams; // 创建 HttpParams 以用来设置 HTTP 參数(这一部分没必要的) httpParams = new BasicHttpParams(); // 设置连接超时和 Socket 超时。以及 Socket 缓存大小 HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 20 * 1000); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 20 * 1000); HttpConnectionParams.setSocketBufferSize(httpParams, 8192); // 设置重定向,缺省为 true HttpClientParams.setRedirecting(httpParams, true); // 设置 user agent String userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2) Gecko/20100115 Firefox/3.6"; HttpProtocolParams.setUserAgent(httpParams, userAgent); HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParams); HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpRequest); /* 若状态码为200 ok */ if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { /* 读返回数据 */ strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); } else { strResult = "Error Response: " + httpResponse.getStatusLine().toString(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { strResult = e.getMessage().toString(); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { strResult = e.getMessage().toString(); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { strResult = e.getMessage().toString(); e.printStackTrace(); } Log.v("strResult", strResult); return strResult; } public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.v("TimerService", "onDestroy"); } public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } public static String inStream2String(InputStream inputStream) { InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null; try { inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(""); String line; try { while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); sb.append("\n"); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return sb.toString(); } }
该文件是定时器运行的代码,没什么特别的。
以下是 AutoReceiver.java 文件 :
package com.routing.videocamera;
public class AutoReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
{
/*要接收的intent源*/
//static final String ACTION = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED";
private static final int MODE_PRIVATE = 0;
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
if (intent.getAction().equals("VIDEO_TIMER"))
{
Intent Intentservice = new Intent(context, TimerService.class); // 要启动的Activity
Intentservice.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startService(Intentservice);
}
}
public static String inStream2String(InputStream inputStream)
{
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = null;
try
{
inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf8");
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1)
{
e1.printStackTrace();
}
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
String line;
try
{
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
sb.append(line);
sb.append("\n");
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return sb.toString();
}
public void KeepAlive()
{
new Thread()
{
public void run()
{
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
HttpResponse response;
try {
response = client.execute(get);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
{
InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent();
String result = inStream2String(is);
//Assert.assertEquals(result, "GET_SUCCESS");
//Toast.makeText(Video.this, "Http Get Success:", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.v("FFMPEG-----= ", result);
}
else
{
//Toast.makeText(Video.this, "Http Get Fail", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//super.run();
}
}.start();
}
}
该文件的关键函数是onReceive函数,在这里接收到系统发送出来的 VIDEO_TIMER 消息,然后我们启动一个新任务来运行 TimerService 的代码 :
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
if (intent.getAction().equals("VIDEO_TIMER"))
{
Intent Intentservice = new Intent(context, TimerService.class); // 要启动的Activity
Intentservice.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startService(Intentservice);
}
}