Oracle 多表关联更新

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 13:53:28 发布

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文章标签：数据库操作系统

本文探讨了在Oracle数据库中执行复杂更新操作时遇到的ORA-01779错误，该错误通常发生在试图更新非键值保存表的列时。文章详细解释了错误原因，并提供了几种解决方案，包括确保数据源的唯一性、创建唯一索引及使用BYPASS_UJVC选项。

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drop table course;
create table course (
id integer,
teacherNo integer,
teacherDesc varchar2(100),
teacherName varchar2(50),
courseName varchar2(50)
);
insert into course values(1,100,'Mr.zhang','ZhangSan','English');
insert into course values(2,101,'Mr.wang','WangWu','History');
insert into course values(2,101,'Mr.wang','WangWu','Chinese');

update course set teacherDesc='Good Teacher' where teacherNo=101;
commit;
drop table teacher;
create table teacher(
id integer,
teacherDesc varchar2(100),
teacherName varchar2(50)
);
insert into teacher values(100,'Mr.zhang','ZhangSan');
insert into teacher values(101,'Mr.wang','WangWu');
update teacher set teacherDesc='Excellent Teacher' where id=101;
commit;
select c.teacherdesc, c.teachername, t.teacherdesc, t.teachername
  from course c, teacher t
 where c.teacherno = t.id
   and (c.teacherdesc != t.teacherdesc or c.teachername != t.teachername);


update course c
   set (c.teacherdesc, c.teachername) =
       (select t.teacherdesc, t.teachername
          from teacher t
         where c.teacherno = t.id
           and (c.teacherdesc != t.teacherdesc or
               c.teachername != t.teachername))
 where exists (select 1
          from teacher t
         where c.teacherno = t.id
           and (c.teacherdesc != t.teacherdesc or
               c.teachername != t.teachername));
commit;
select c.teacherdesc, c.teachername, t.teacherdesc, t.teachername
  from course c, teacher t
 where c.teacherno = t.id
   and (c.teacherdesc != t.teacherdesc or c.teachername != t.teachername);

select c.teacherdesc, c.teachername, t.teacherdesc, t.teachername
  from course c, teacher t
 where c.teacherno = t.id;

update时报ORA-01779：
数据准备：

CREATE TABLE test1 ( id integer primary key, num integer );    
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1,0);   
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (2,0);   
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (3,0);   
INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (4,0);  

CREATE TABLE test2 ( id integer, num integer, upd integer ); 
INSERT INTO test2 VALUES (1,10, 0);   
INSERT INTO test2 VALUES (2,20, 1); 

commit;

执行如下更新语句会报错：ORA-01779: 无法修改与非键值保存表对应的列
01779, 00000, "cannot modify a column which maps to a non key-preserved table"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to insert or update columns of a join view which
// map to a non-key-preserved table.
// *Action: Modify the underlying base tables directly.

UPDATE (SELECT T1.ID ID1, T1.NUM NUM1, T2.ID ID2, T2.NUM NUM2   
          FROM TEST1 T1, TEST2 T2   
         WHERE T1.ID = T2.ID   
           AND T2.UPD = 1)   
   SET NUM1 = NUM2;

这个错误的意思是，子查询的结果中，更新数据源(test2)的内容不唯一，导致被更新对象(test1)中的一行可能对应数据源(test2)中的多行。
本例中，test2表的id不唯一，因此test2表中可能存在id相同但是num不相同的数据，这种数据是无法用来更新 test1 的。【这个报错属于事前检查，没有通过校验】

解决方法就是保证数据源的唯一性，例如本例中可以为test2.id创建一个唯一索引：

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test2_idx_001 ON test2 (id);

之后上面的更新就可以执行了。
也可以使用如下命令来使用test2中记录具有唯一性

alter table test2 modify id unique;

另外也可以强制 Oracle 执行，方法是加上 BYPASS_UJVC 注释。

UPDATE (SELECT /*+ BYPASS_UJVC */  
         T1.ID ID1, T1.NUM NUM1, T2.ID ID2, T2.NUM NUM2   
          FROM TEST1 T1, TEST2 T2   
         WHERE T1.ID = T2.ID   
           AND T2.UPD = 1)   
   SET NUM1 = NUM2;

BYPASS_UJVC的作用是跳过Oracle的键检查。
这样虽然能够执行了，但是如果test2中存在不唯一的数据，test1就会被更新多次而导致意想不到的结果。【有风险，不建议使用】　　

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