Windows XP
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "5.1%"

Windows 7
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "6.1%" and ProductType = "1"

Windows 8
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "6.2%" and ProductType = "1"

Windows Server 2003 R2
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "5.2%"

Windows Server 2008
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "6.0%" AND ( ProductType = "2" or ProductType = "3" )

Windows Server 2008 R2
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "6.1%" AND ( ProductType = "2" or ProductType = "3" )

Windows Server  2012
select * from Win32_OperatingSystem WHERE Version LIKE "6.2%" AND ( ProductType = "2" or ProductType = "3" )