自从有了html与http，就有了浏览器与Web服务器，并有了Web应用，最初的交互模式是这样的：
第一个问题，根据IIS版本（5.*，6.0，7.0）的不同，Asp.net具有不同的进程模式与不同的交互模式，该问题不是本篇要讲述的。一般来说，大家不必关心该问题，而且要了解该问题，又必须清楚IIS各个版本的模型，而各个版本又各有各的不同，因此，我基本不准备讲述这个问题，大家有兴趣的话，可以自行搜索相关资料。
我们来讨论第二个问题，这里首先要说明的是，因为IIS7.0进程模式的变化比较大，我也没去了解IIS7.0的模型，因此，以下讲述及以后讲述将只针对IIS5.*与IIS6.0。我们有理由认为，针对IIS5.*与IIS6.0的讲述一般同样适用于IIS7.0。
先且按下该问题不表，我们来看一段请求玉帝把大象放到冰箱里的代码（为什么不是上帝？因为我中华不归上帝管），请大家先跟着我的思路来，别急，别急。
Code1
using System;namespace ConsoleApplication3
{
class Program
{ static void Main(string[] args) { Emperor emperor = new Emperor(); while (true) { Console.WriteLine("首先给玉帝准备好大象和冰箱。"); Console.WriteLine("输入大象的名字："); string elephantName = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重："); int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字："); string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine(); Elephant elephant = new Elephant() { Name = elephantName, Weight = elephantWeight
}; Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator() { Name = refrigeratorName }; Context context = new Context() { Elephant = elephant, Refrigerator = refrigerator }; emperor.ProcessRequest(context); Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？"); string answer = Console.ReadLine(); if (answer == "n") break; } } } class Emperor { public void ProcessRequest(Context context) { Elephant elephant = context.Elephant; Refrigerator refrigerator = context.Refrigerator; //第一步，打开冰箱门 refrigerator.IsOpen = true; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name)); //第二步，把大象放进去 refrigerator.Content = elephant; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name)); //第三步，关上冰箱门 refrigerator.IsOpen = false; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name)); } } class Elephant { public string Name { get; set; } public int Weight{ get; set; } } class Refrigerator { public string Name { get; set; } public bool IsOpen { get; set; } private object m_Content; public object Content { get { return this.m_Content; } set { if (!this.IsOpen) throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。"); if (this.m_Content != null) throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。"); this.m_Content = value; } } } class Context { public Elephant Elephant { get; set; } public Refrigerator Refrigerator { get; set; } }
}
请大家先认真读懂该代码，该代码不会有问题吧，如果有问题，那么还请你一定先读懂该代码再往下看。
后来，玉帝累了，他想啊，我堂堂玉帝，居然亲自干这种没含量的活，但是顾客是玉帝的玉帝，又不能不干。于是，玉帝找了两个手下（把门大神、神象星宿）来帮他干活。
Code2
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication3{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Emperor emperor = new Emperor(); emperor.Init(); while (true) { Console.WriteLine("首先给玉帝准备好大象和冰箱。"); Console.WriteLine("输入大象的名字："); string elephantName = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重："); int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字："); string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine(); Elephant elephant = new Elephant() { Name = elephantName, Weight = elephantWeight }; Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator() { Name = refrigeratorName }; Context context = new Context() { Elephant = elephant, Refrigerator = refrigerator }; emperor.ProcessRequest(context); Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？"); string answer = Console.ReadLine(); if (answer == "n") break; } } } class Emperor { private IList<IEmperorModule> m_Modules; public Context Context { get; set; } public void Init() { m_Modules = new List<IEmperorModule>(); m_Modules.Add(new OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule()); m_Modules.Add(new PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule()); foreach (IEmperorModule module in this.m_Modules) { module.Init(this); } } public void ProcessRequest(Context context) { this.Context = context; this.OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor(); this.OnPutElephantToRefrigerator(); this.OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor(); } public event EventHandler OpenRefrigeratorDoor; public event EventHandler PutElephantToRefrigerator; public event EventHandler CloseRefrigeratorDoor; protected virtual void OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor() { EventHandler handler = this.OpenRefrigeratorDoor; if (handler != null) { handler(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } protected virtual void OnPutElephantToRefrigerator() { EventHandler handler = this.PutElephantToRefrigerator; if (handler != null) { handler(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } protected virtual void OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor() { EventHandler handler = this.CloseRefrigeratorDoor; if (handler != null) { handler(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } } class Elephant { public string Name { get; set; } public int Weight{ get; set; } } class Refrigerator { public string Name { get; set; } public bool IsOpen { get; set; } private object m_Content; public object Content { get { return this.m_Content; } set { if (!this.IsOpen) throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。"); if (this.m_Content != null) throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。"); this.m_Content = value; } } } class Context { public Elephant Elephant { get; set; } public Refrigerator Refrigerator { get; set; } } interface IEmperorModule { void Init(Emperor emperor); } class OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule : IEmperorModule { IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员 public void Init(Emperor emperor) { emperor.OpenRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.OpenDoor); emperor.CloseRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.CloseDoor); } #endregion private void OpenDoor(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; refrigerator.IsOpen = true; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name)); } private void CloseDoor(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; refrigerator.IsOpen = false; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name)); } } class PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule { IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员 public void Init(Emperor emperor) { emperor.PutElephantToRefrigerator += new EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator); } #endregion private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Elephant elephant = emperor.Context.Elephant; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; refrigerator.Content = elephant; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name)); } }}
观测该代码有哪些变化？玉帝增加了一个Init方法，该方法召集了那些干活的手下，并交待手下你们要干的事情（初始化）。所有手下都继承自IEmperorModule接口，该接口有一个Init方法，以初始化该手下能干的活。玉帝的ProcessRequest方法不再亲自干活了，而仅仅是在那边喊，该开门了，该把大象放进去了，该关门了。
（来点题外话，上面代码应用了模板方法模式，或者说是模板方法的变种。什么，不是，没有抽象类，没有抽象方法，没有子类？请问，模板方法一定要有抽象类吗？一定要有抽象方法吗？一定要有子类吗？我想，模板方法的精髓，在于它规定了特定的步骤算法，而这些步骤在必要的时候可以委托给其它方法实现。在传统的模板方法中，是委托给子类实现，而在我们拥有委托的情况下，难道我们不能委托给其它类实现吗？其实，我想，学习设计模式，不要拘泥于形式，而要掌握其精髓，并灵活运用。就Gof的23种设计模式来说，我觉得其精髓几乎全部可由一句话概括。）
天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，某一天，这神象星宿病了，他赶不动超过1000斤的大象了，怎么办？玉帝于是又召集了超级神象星宿，可但凡有点能耐的都有点脾气，超级神象星宿表示，只有其它人赶不动的大象他才来赶。
Code3
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication3{ class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Emperor emperor = new Emperor(); emperor.Init(); while (true) { Console.WriteLine("首先给玉帝准备好大象和冰箱。"); Console.WriteLine("输入大象的名字："); string elephantName = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine("输入大象的体重："); int elephantWeight = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("输入冰箱的名字："); string refrigeratorName = Console.ReadLine(); Elephant elephant = new Elephant() { Name = elephantName, Weight = elephantWeight }; Refrigerator refrigerator = new Refrigerator() { Name = refrigeratorName }; Context context = new Context() { Elephant = elephant, Refrigerator = refrigerator }; emperor.ProcessRequest(context); Console.WriteLine("是否要玉帝继续把大象关进冰箱里？"); string answer = Console.ReadLine(); if (answer == "n") break; } } } class Emperor { private IList<IEmperorModule> m_Modules; public Context Context { get; set; } public void Init() { m_Modules = new List<IEmperorModule>(); m_Modules.Add(new OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule()); m_Modules.Add(new PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule()); m_Modules.Add(new SuperPutElephantToRefrigeratorModule()); foreach (IEmperorModule module in this.m_Modules) { module.Init(this); } } public void ProcessRequest(Context context) { this.Context = context; this.OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor(); this.OnPutElephantToRefrigerator(); this.OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor(); } public event EventHandler OpenRefrigeratorDoor; public event EventHandler PutElephantToRefrigerator; public event EventHandler CloseRefrigeratorDoor; protected virtual void OnOpenRefrigeratorDoor() { EventHandler handler = this.OpenRefrigeratorDoor; if (handler != null) { handler(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } protected virtual void OnPutElephantToRefrigerator() { EventHandler handler = this.PutElephantToRefrigerator; if (handler != null) { handler(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } protected virtual void OnCloseRefrigeratorDoor() { EventHandler handler = this.CloseRefrigeratorDoor; if (handler != null) { handler(this, EventArgs.Empty); } } } class Elephant { public string Name { get; set; } public int Weight{ get; set; } } class Refrigerator { public string Name { get; set; } public bool IsOpen { get; set; } private object m_Content; public object Content { get { return this.m_Content; } set { if (!this.IsOpen) throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱门未打开，无法放进东西。"); if (this.m_Content != null) throw new InvalidOperationException("冰箱内有东西，无法放进新的东西。"); this.m_Content = value; } } } class Context { public Elephant Elephant { get; set; } public Refrigerator Refrigerator { get; set; } private IDictionary<string, object> m_Items; public IDictionary<string, object> Items { get { if (this.m_Items == null) this.m_Items = new Dictionary<string, object>(); return this.m_Items; } } } interface IEmperorModule { void Init(Emperor emperor); } class OpenCloseRefrigeratorDoorModule : IEmperorModule { IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员 public void Init(Emperor emperor) { emperor.OpenRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.OpenDoor); emperor.CloseRefrigeratorDoor += new EventHandler(this.CloseDoor); } #endregion private void OpenDoor(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; refrigerator.IsOpen = true; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神打开了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name)); } private void CloseDoor(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; refrigerator.IsOpen = false; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的把门大神关上了 {0} 的冰箱门。", refrigerator.Name)); } } class PutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule { IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员 public void Init(Emperor emperor) { emperor.PutElephantToRefrigerator += new EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator); } #endregion private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Elephant elephant = emperor.Context.Elephant; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; if (elephant.Weight > 1000) { Console.WriteLine("这头大象实在太重了，我神象星宿挪不动阿。"); } else { refrigerator.Content = elephant; emperor.Context.Items["HasPutElephant"] = true; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name)); } } } class SuperPutElephantToRefrigeratorModule : IEmperorModule { IEmperorModule 成员#region IEmperorModule 成员 public void Init(Emperor emperor) { emperor.PutElephantToRefrigerator += new EventHandler(this.PutElephantToRefrigerator); } #endregion private void PutElephantToRefrigerator(object sender, EventArgs e) { Emperor emperor = (Emperor)sender; Elephant elephant = emperor.Context.Elephant; Refrigerator refrigerator = emperor.Context.Refrigerator; object hasPutElephant; if (emperor.Context.Items.TryGetValue("HasPutElephant", out hasPutElephant)) { if (hasPutElephant is bool && ((bool)hasPutElephant) == true) { Console.WriteLine("已经有人把大象放进冰箱了，我超级神象星宿就歇歇了。"); return; } } refrigerator.Content = elephant; emperor.Context.Items["HasPutElephant"] = true; Console.WriteLine(string.Format("玉帝的超级神象星宿把大象 {0} 放到冰箱 {1} 里了。", elephant.Name, refrigerator.Name)); } }}
仔细琢磨该代码，请问你发现了什么？如果你发现的是灵活的可扩展性和可配置性，以及各手下之间的交互，那么恭喜你，你悟性很高。如果你还发现了职责链模式，那么恭喜你，你悟性非常高。（该代码中两个神象星宿的交互完全可以通过在Context中增加一个bool值属性来实现，之所有这里用Items字典，是为了演示如果你不具有修改Context的源代码的时候，该如何处理。）
好了，Asp.net的设计思想讲完了。什么，还没开始？你没发现我们的Program就是HttpRuntime、Emperor就是HttpApplication、Context就是HttpContext、IEmperorModule就是IHttpModule吗？什么，没发现？那么，让我们来看看Asp.net的源代码吧。（本想把整个方法的源代码都贴上来，但是显得过于冗长，因此删掉非关键代码，并以//……省略……代替。）
如此，你明白了吗？
314
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
