摘要:
We investigate the nonlinear dielectric properties of0.9Pb(Mg1∕3,Nb2∕3)O3∙0.1PbTiO3(PMN-PT) andBa[Ti0.85,Sn0.15]O3(BTS) paraelectrics experimentally and theoretically. We measure the nonlinear dielectric response in the parallel plate capacitor configuration, whereby we obtain the low frequency linear permittivity(ε33), and the higher order permittivities(ε3333,ε333333)at298Kasε33PMN-PT=2.1×10−7andε33BTS=4.1×10−8F∕m,ε3333PMN-PT=−4.9×10−20andε3333BTS=−7.3×10−21F3m∕C2, andε333333PMN-PT=7.6×10−33andε333333BTS=9.85×10−34F5m3∕C4. By using a self-consistent thermodynamic theory in conjunction with the experimental data, we compute theE3dependence of electrostatic free energyΔG, the field-induced polarizationP3, and the thermodynamic tunability∂2P3∕∂E32, and prove that electrostatic free energy has to be expanded at least up to the sixth order in the electric field to define the critical field∣E3*∣at which maximum tunability is attained. We also show that∣E3*∣is a function on∣ε3333∣∕ε333333only. Consequently, we find∣E3*∣PMN-PT=8.0×105V∕mand∣E3*∣BTS=8.6×105V∕m. We compute the engineering tunabilities asΓPMN-PT=65%andΓBTS=55%, and then define a normalized tunabilityξto take into account the∣E3*∣parameter. Thereof, we determine∣ξ∣PMT-PT=8.1×10−5%∕Vm−1and∣ξ∣BTS=6.4×10−5%∕Vm−1. Our results reveal that∣E3*∣BTS>∣E3*∣PMN-PTalthoughΓBTS
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