BGP基于TCP，端口号179.

每隔30S主动发起TCP连接，邻居进入Active

1.由于邻居没有启用BGP，邻居被重置2.可以看出，BGP的TCP连接是由先发起TCP连接的路由器去发送，去访问邻居的高端口

 

Neighbor        V    AS MsgRcvd MsgSent   TblVer  InQ OutQ Up/Down  State/PfxRcd

12.0.0.1        4     1       0       0        0    0    0 never    Active

 

BGP基于TCP，端口号179

TCP三次连接：

BGP报头：

OPEN消息：

 

如果接收到得OPEN消息是可接受的，就发送一条KEEPLIVE，用来确认OPEN消息。

 

Keeplive：

Keeplive以保持时间的1/3(不能小于1S)来交换，保持时间为0的话，就不发送Keeplive

Keeplive中只有16byte的标志+2byte的长度+1byte的类型=keeplive19 byte

 

Update消息：

 

每一个Update报文只能宣告一条可行路由，撤销多条不可行路由。因为路径属性只可能描述一条路由，如果有多条路由存在，无法判断路径属性描述的是哪条路由。 

Update报文可选的还有一个 withdraw routes  该字段列出一个要退出服务的路由器列表，以长度，前缀二元组形式表示。

 

notification 消息：

检测到差错后发送此消息，发出消息后，立即关闭BGP连接

 

BGP状态机

第一台启动BGP进程的路由器(主动)

*Oct  2 21:43:44.411: BGP: 12.0.0.1 open active, local address 12.0.0.2

*Oct  2 21:43:44.471: BGP: 12.0.0.1 went from Active to OpenSent

*Oct  2 21:43:44.471: BGP: 12.0.0.1 sending OPEN, version 4, my as: 2, holdtime 180 seconds

*Oct  2 21:43:44.475: BGP: 12.0.0.1 send message type 1, length (incl. header) 45

*Oct  2 21:43:44.571: BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcv message type 1, length (excl. header) 26

*Oct  2 21:43:44.575: BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcv OPEN, version 4, holdtime 180 seconds

*Oct  2 21:43:44.575: BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcv OPEN w/ OPTION parameter len: 16

*Oct  2 21:43:44.575: BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 6

*Oct  2 21:43:44.575: BGP: 12.0.0.1 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 1, length 4

*Oct  2 21:43:44.579: BGP: 12.0.0.1 OPEN has MP_EXT CAP for afi/safi: 1/1

*Oct  2 21:43:44.579: BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 2

*Oct  2 21:43:44.579: BGP: 12.0.0.1 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 128, length 0

*Oct  2 21:43:44.579: BGP: 12.

R2(config)#0.0.1 OPEN has ROUTE-REFRESH capability(old) for all address-families

*Oct  2 21:43:44.579: BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 2

*Oct  2 21:43:44.583: BGP: 12.0.0.1 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 2, length 0

*Oct  2 21:43:44.583: BGP: 12.0.0.1 OPEN has ROUTE-REFRESH capability(new) for all address-families 

BGP: 12.0.0.1 rcvd OPEN w/ remote AS 1

*Oct  2 21:43:44.583: BGP: 12.0.0.1 went from OpenSent to OpenConfirm

*Oct  2 21:43:44.583: BGP: 12.0.0.1 went from OpenConfirm to Established

Active:

BGP尝试与邻居初始化TCP连接，如果TCP连接成功，发送OPEN报文，并迁移到Opensent状态。

OpenSent：

已经发送了Open报文，等待来自邻居的Open消息，然后检查必要参数，如果存在差错则会发送notification消息，并迁移到空闲状态

                                                                                                      如果没有错，发送Keeplive消息并协商保持时间和Keeplive定时器。并迁移到openconfirm

Openconfirm：

等待Keeplive或notification消息，如果接收到得是前者，转入established，如果是后者或断开TCP连接的请求，则转入idle状态。

established：

BGP对等连接已经完全建立。

 

第二台启动的路由器(被动)

*Oct  2 21:43:21.895: BGP: 12.0.0.2 went from Idle to Active

*Oct  2 21:43:21.907: BGP: 12.0.0.2 open active delayed 31051ms (35000ms max, 28% jitter)

R1(config-router)#

*Oct  2 21:43:44.539: BGP: 12.0.0.2 passive open to 12.0.0.1

*Oct  2 21:43:44.543: BGP: 12.0.0.2 went from Active to Idle

*Oct  2 21:43:44.543: BGP: 12.0.0.2 went from Idle to Connect

*Oct  2 21:43:44.555: BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcv message type 1, length (excl. header) 26

*Oct  2 21:43:44.555: BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcv OPEN, version 4, holdtime 180 seconds

*Oct  2 21:43:44.555: BGP: 12.0.0.2 went from Connect to OpenSent

*Oct  2 21:43:44.559: BGP: 12.0.0.2 sending OPEN, version 4, my as: 1, holdtime 180 seconds

*Oct  2 21:43:44.559: BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcv OPEN w/ OPTION parameter len: 16

*Oct  2 21:43:44.559: BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 6

*Oct  2 21:43:44.559: BGP: 12.0.0.2 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 1, length 4

*Oct  2 21:43:44.559: BGP: 12.0.0.2 OPEN has MP_EXT CAP for afi/safi: 1/1

*Oct  2 21:43:44.563: BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 2

*Oct  2 21:43:44.563: BGP: 12.0.0.2 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 128, length 0

R1(config-router)#

*Oct  2 21:43:44.563: BGP: 12.0.0.2 OPEN has ROUTE-REFRESH capability(old) for all address-families

*Oct  2 21:43:44.563: BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcvd OPEN w/ optional parameter type 2 (Capability) len 2

*Oct  2 21:43:44.563: BGP: 12.0.0.2 OPEN has CAPABILITY code: 2, length 0

*Oct  2 21:43:44.567: BGP: 12.0.0.2 OPEN has ROUTE-REFRESH capability(new) for all address-families 

BGP: 12.0.0.2 rcvd OPEN w/ remote AS 2

*Oct  2 21:43:44.567: BGP: 12.0.0.2 went from OpenSent to OpenConfirm

*Oct  2 21:43:44.567: BGP: 12.0.0.2 send message type 1, length (incl. header) 45

*Oct  2 21:43:44.611: BGP: 12.0.0.2 went from OpenConfirm to Established

 

idle：

该状态拒绝所有连接，初始化去往邻居的TCP连接。侦听来自邻居的TCP初始化并将状态更改为连接状态。(neighbor以后，会从idle迁移到active，去尝试TCP连接，但这时候已经接受到邻居发来的TCP连接——passive open to 12.0.0.1)

由active状态下，接收到邻居发来的OPEN报文，将状态从active转入到idle，并从idle转入connect，来等待TCP连接完成。

connect：

该状态下，一直等待TCP连接完成，如果TCP连接成功，BGP将发送OPEN报文并进入OPENSENT状态。