第三天流控语句，配置vscode-CSDN博客

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>

流控语句

选择语句

关键字:if elif else 可以用 switch case 替代

循环

for 可以遍历列表
如：for w in words:
print(w, len(w))

内置函数 range 可以返回一个数字序列，例如：range(3,5) 输出：3,4

break continue

注意了，下面这个语法比较奇葩

for n in range(2, 10):  
...     for x in range(2, n):  
...         if n % x == 0:  
...             print(n, 'equals', x, '*', n//x)  
...             break  
...     else:  
...         # loop fell through without finding a factor
...         print(n, 'is a prime number')

for 后面跟着一个 else,代表循环执行完再执行else ,类似的 try 也有else 语句

pass 什么也不做，给我留下了巨大的想象空间啊

函数

特别之处：可以没有return 函数名可以赋值给另外一个变量，实现函数的别名

形式参数可以有默认值

这个例子有点颠覆认知：

def f(a, L=[]):  
    L.append(a)  
    return L  

print(f(1))  
print(f(2))  
print(f(3))  

这将打印

[1]  
[1, 2]  
[1, 2, 3]

关键字参数：

def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom', type='Norwegian Blue'):   
    print("-- This parrot wouldn't", action, end=' ')   
    print("if you put", voltage, "volts through it.")   
    print("-- Lovely plumage, the", type)   
    print("-- It's", state, "!")   

    调用方式：   
    parrot(voltage=1000)

下面这个例子比较复杂: * 代表列表， ** 代表字典

    def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords):  
    print("-- Do you have any", kind, "?")  
    print("-- I'm sorry, we're all out of", kind)  
    for arg in arguments:  
        print(arg)  
    print("-" * 40)  
    for kw in keywords:  
        print(kw, ":", keywords[kw])

它可以像这样调用：

cheeseshop("Limburger", "It's very runny, sir.",  
           "It's really very, VERY runny, sir.",  
           shopkeeper="Michael Palin",  
           client="John Cleese",  
           sketch="Cheese Shop Sketch")

当然它会打印：

-- Do you have any Limburger ?  
-- I'm sorry, we're all out of Limburger  
It's very runny, sir.  
It's really very, VERY runny, sir.  
----------------------------------------  
shopkeeper : Michael Palin  
client : John Cleese  
sketch : Cheese Shop Sketch

任意参数列表

话不多说，上代码：

>>> def concat(*args, sep="/"):  
...     return sep.join(args)  
...
>>> concat("earth", "mars", "venus")  
'earth/mars/venus'  
>>> concat("earth", "mars", "venus", sep=".")  
'earth.mars.venus'  
'''

解压缩参数列表

列表解压缩：

>>> list(range(3, 6))            # normal call with separate arguments  
[3, 4, 5]  
>>> args = [3, 6]  
>>> list(range(*args))            # call with arguments unpacked from a list  
[3, 4, 5]

字典解压缩：

>> def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom'):  
...     print("-- This parrot wouldn't", action, end=' ')  
...     print("if you put", voltage, "volts through it.", end=' ')  
...     print("E's", state, "!")  
...
>>> d = {"voltage": "four million", "state": "bleedin' demised", "action": "VOOM"} 
>>> parrot(**d)  
-- This parrot wouldn't VOOM if you put four million volts through it. E's   bleedin' demised !

Lambad 表达式

示例一：返回一个函数

>>> def make_incrementor(n):  
...     return lambda x: x + n  
...  
>>> f = make_incrementor(42)  
>>> f(0)  
42  
>>> f(1)  
43

示例二：传递一个函数

>>> pairs = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')]  
>>> pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[1])  
>>> pairs  
[(4, 'four'), (1, 'one'), (3, 'three'), (2, 'two')]

注意：说说我的理解，sort函数按key自定义排序一直搞不清楚有什么用，复杂又难懂，照着这个例子来说
lambda pair: pair[1] pair 是元组,pair[1]是元组中第二个元素，所以整体的意思是按元组中的第二个元素进行排序

文档字符串

示例如下：

>>> def my_function():  
...     """Do nothing, but document it.  
...  
...     No, really, it doesn't do anything.  
...     """  
...     pass  
...  
>>> print(my_function.__doc__)  
Do nothing, but document it.  

    No, really, it doesn't do anything.

功能注释语法比较奇葩，不能忍

示例如下：

>>> def f(ham: str, eggs: str = 'eggs') -> str:  
...     print("Annotations:", f.__annotations__)  
...     print("Arguments:", ham, eggs)  
...     return ham + ' and ' + eggs  
...
>>> f('spam')  
Annotations: {'ham': <class 'str'>, 'return': <class 'str'>, 'eggs': <class   'str'>}  
Arguments: spam eggs  
'spam and eggs'

编码风格: PEP8标准

使用4个空格缩进
换行
使用docstrings

vscode 配置技巧:
ctrl+p 输入如下命令
ext install python #安装 python 插件
F5 运行，调试
配置flake8 # 静态代码检查工具
打开命令行
输入 "pip install flake8"
安装flake8成功后，打开VScode，文件->首选项->用户设置，在settings.json文件中输入"python.linting.flake8Enabled": true

配置yapf
安装yapf之后在VScode中按Ctrl+Shift+I即可自动格式化代码

打开命令行
输入 "pip install yapf"
安装yapf成功后，打开VScode，文件->首选项->用户设置，在settings.json文件中输入"python.formatting.provider": "yapf"

安装 Rope 重构库配合 vscode 可以实现按F2 重命名变量

查看函数或者类的定义
Ctrl+鼠标左键点击函数名或者类名即可跳转到定义处，在函数名或者类名上按F12也可以实现同样功能

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/mrq/blog/3005956