nginx之rewrite

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rewrite模块
文档http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html
搜索rewrite
Syntax:     internal;
Default:     —
Context:     location  #放在location里
location /{
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        
重写中用到的指令
if  (条件) {}  设定条件,再进行重写 #空格不能少
set #设置变量
return #返回状态码
break #跳出rewrite
rewrite #重写


If  语法格式
If 空格 (条件) {
    重写模式
}

条件又怎么写?
答:3种写法
1: “=”来判断相等, 用于字符串比较
2: “~” 用正则来匹配(此处的正则区分大小写)
   ~* 不区分大小写的正则
3: -f -d -e来判断是否为文件,为目录,是否存在.
[root@localhost nginx]# vi html/test-if.html

[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s reload
http://192.168.88.170/test-if.html
[root@localhost nginx]# tail logs/access.log
192.168.88.1 - - [03/Mar/2016:03:25:55 -0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [03/Mar/2016:03:25:55 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [03/Mar/2016:03:25:56 -0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0"
192.168.88.1 - - [03/Mar/2016:03:26:06 -0800] "GET /test-if.html HTTP/1.1" 200 8 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0"
#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

[root@localhost nginx]# vi conf/nginx.conf
 location /{
 if  ($remote_addr = 192.168.88.1) {
                return 403;
            }

            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@localhost nginx]# vi conf/nginx.conf
 location /{
 if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
                rewrite ^.*$ /ie.htm;
                break; #(不break会循环重定向)
 }

            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
[root@localhost nginx]# vi html/ie.htm
[root@localhost nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s reload
用chrom访问正常到了nginx页面
用ie访问不正常http://192.168.88.170/  结果ie




[root@localhost nginx]# ls conf/
fastcgi.conf            koi-win             scgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default    mime.types          scgi_params.default
fastcgi_params          mime.types.default  uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params.default  nginx.conf          uwsgi_params.default
koi-utf                 nginx.conf.default  win-utf
[root@localhost nginx]# more conf/fastcgi.conf

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;



[root@localhost nginx]# vi html/404.htm

             if (!-e $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) {
                rewrite ^.*$ /404.html break;
            }
            注, 此处还要加break,
以 xx.com/dsafsd.html这个不存在页面为例,
我们观察访问日志, 日志中显示的访问路径,依然是GET /dsafsd.html HTTP/1.1
提示: 服务器内部的rewrite和302跳转不一样.
跳转的话URL都变了,变成重新http请求404.html, 而内部rewrite, 上下文没变,
就是说 fastcgi_script_name 仍然是 dsafsd.html,因此 会循环重定向.


set 是设置变量用的, 可以用来达到多条件判断时作标志用.
达到apache下的 rewrite_condition的效果

location /{
if ($http_user_agent ~* msie) {
                set $isie 1;
            }
        
            if ($fastcgi_script_name = ie.html) {
                set $isie 0;
            }

            if ($isie 1) {
                rewrite ^.*$ ie.html;
            }

            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

    }
    

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/goudingcheng/blog/630581