su 切换用户到root并在当前终端
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[jiel@jiel /]$ su
Password:
[root@jiel /] #
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su - 切换到root并开启一个新终端
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[jiel@jiel /]$
su -
Password:
[root@jiel ~] #
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su username 切换到指定用户,也适用-
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[jiel@jiel /]$
su aaa
Password:
[aaa@jiel /] #
[jiel@jiel /]$
su - aaa
Password:
[aaa@jiel~] #
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sudo command 以root权限运行命令
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
sudo ifcfg
[
sudo ] password for jiel:
jiel is not
in the sudoers file . This incident will be reported.
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passwd 修改当前用户密码
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ passwd
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id 显示当前用户信息
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ id
uid=500(jiel) gid=500(jiel) groups =500(jiel) context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t
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<ctrl+r> 查找历史信息
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(reverse-i-search)`ex': uid=500(jiel) gid=500(jiel) groups =500(jiel) context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t
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(reverse-i-search)`pa': passwd
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history 显示历史命令
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ history
1 ls
2
cd Desktop/
3 ls
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cd /
5
cd mnt
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firefox $ 启动程序并在台运行
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ firefox $
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jobs 查看后台运行的作业
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[root@localhost /] # jobs
[1]+ Running firefox &
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sleep 5000 停止执行5000秒
<ctrl+z> 暂停当前程序
bg 2 启动后台编号的程序继续运行
fg 1 将后台编号的程序拉回前台
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[root@localhost /] # sleep 5000
[2]+ Stopped
sleep 5000
[root@localhost /] # jobs
[1]- Running firefox &
[2]+ Stopped
sleep 5000
[root@localhost /] #
[root@localhost /] # bg 2
[2]-
sleep 5000 &
[root@localhost /] # jobs
[1] Running firefox &
[2]- Running
sleep 5000 &
[root@localhost /] #fg 1
firefox
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ls 查看当前目录
ll 查看当前目录以列表模式(同ls -l显示详细信息)
ls -a 显示隐藏
ls -R 递归显示子目录结构
ls -ld 显示目录和链接信息
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ll
total 23884
drwxr-xr-x 2 jiel jiel 4096 May 25 12:12 Desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jiel jiel 24410321 May 25 12:29 firefox-21.0. tar .bz2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jiel jiel 0 May 25 13:53 name
[jiel@jiel ~]$
ls -a
. .dmrc .gnome2_private .name1
.. .eggcups .gstreamer-0.10 .nautilus
.bash_history .esd_auth .gtkrc-1.2-gnome2 .recently-used.xbel
.bash_logout firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 .ICEauthority .redhat
.bash_profile .gconf .metacity .thumbnails
.bashrc .gconfd .mozilla .Trash
.config .gnome name
Desktop .gnome2 .name
[jiel@jiel ~]$
ls -R
.:
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name
. /Desktop :
[jiel@jiel ~]$
ls -ld
drwx------ 17 jiel jiel 4096 May 25 13:55 .
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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cd 切换到目录
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
cd /
[jiel@jiel /]$
cd mnt
[jiel@jiel mnt]$
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pwd 显示当前目录
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ pwd
/home/jiel
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touch name 创建或更新一个文件,已存在文件是更新一个已存在文件
touch .name1 创建或更新一个隐藏文件
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
touch name
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name
[jiel@jiel ~]$
touch .name
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ll
total 23884
drwxr-xr-x 2 jiel jiel 4096 May 25 12:12 Desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jiel jiel 24410321 May 25 12:29 firefox-21.0. tar .bz2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 jiel jiel 0 May 25 13:53 name
[jiel@jiel ~]$
ls -a
. .dmrc .gnome2_private .name1
.. .eggcups .gstreamer-0.10 .nautilus
.bash_history .esd_auth .gtkrc-1.2-gnome2 .recently-used.xbel
.bash_logout firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 .ICEauthority .redhat
.bash_profile .gconf .metacity .thumbnails
.bashrc .gconfd .mozilla .Trash
.config .gnome name
Desktop .gnome2 .name
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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file name查看文件信息
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
file Desktop/
Desktop/: directory
[jiel@jiel ~]$
file firefox-21.0. tar .bz2
firefox-21.0.
tar .bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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cp 源 目标 复制文件
cp -r 递归复制目录(一般于复制整个目录)
cp -v 显示复制过程
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[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name
[jiel@jiel ~]$
cp name /tmp
[jiel@jiel ~]$
ls /tmp
gconfd-jiel orbit-jiel vmware-jiel
gconfd-root orbit-root vmware-root
keyring-fUekZY ssh -KqJgik4764 vmware-root-799775590
mapping-jiel virtual-root.OWGCiJ VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
mapping-root vmware-config0 vmware-tools-distrib
name VMwareDnD
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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mv 源 目标 移动或重命名
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
mv name /tmp
[jiel@jiel ~]$
ls /tmp
firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name VMwareDnD
gconfd-jiel orbit-jiel vmware-jiel
gconfd-root orbit-root vmware-root
keyring-fUekZY ssh -KqJgik4764 vmware-root-799775590
mapping-jiel virtual-root.OWGCiJ VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
mapping-root vmware-config0 vmware-tools-distrib
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2
[jiel@jiel ~]$
cd /tmp
[jiel@jiel tmp]$ ls
firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name VMwareDnD
gconfd-jiel orbit-jiel vmware-jiel
gconfd-root orbit-root vmware-root
keyring-fUekZY ssh -KqJgik4764 vmware-root-799775590
mapping-jiel virtual-root.OWGCiJ VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
mapping-root vmware-config0 vmware-tools-distrib
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
mv name name2
[jiel@jiel tmp]$ ls
firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name2 VMwareDnD
gconfd-jiel orbit-jiel vmware-jiel
gconfd-root orbit-root vmware-root
keyring-fUekZY ssh -KqJgik4764 vmware-root-799775590
mapping-jiel virtual-root.OWGCiJ VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
mapping-root vmware-config0 vmware-tools-distrib
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
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rm 删除文件
rm -r 递归删除文件夹
rm -i 递归删除的同时询问要删除的每一个文件夹
em -f 强制删除不提醒任何信息(会覆盖i)
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[jiel@jiel tmp]$ ls
firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 name2 VMwareDnD
gconfd-jiel orbit-jiel vmware-jiel
gconfd-root orbit-root vmware-root
keyring-fUekZY ssh -KqJgik4764 vmware-root-799775590
mapping-jiel virtual-root.OWGCiJ VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
mapping-root vmware-config0 vmware-tools-distrib
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
rm name2
[jiel@jiel tmp]$ ls
firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 orbit-jiel vmware-jiel
gconfd-jiel orbit-root vmware-root
gconfd-root ssh -KqJgik4764 vmware-root-799775590
keyring-fUekZY virtual-root.OWGCiJ VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
mapping-jiel vmware-config0 vmware-tools-distrib
mapping-root VMwareDnD
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
rm vmware-jiel
rm : cannot remove `vmware-jiel': Is a directory
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
rm -r vmware-jiel
[jiel@jiel tmp]$ ls
firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 orbit-jiel vmware-root
gconfd-jiel orbit-root vmware-root-799775590
gconfd-root ssh -KqJgik4764 VMwareTools-9.2.2-893683. tar .gz
keyring-fUekZY virtual-root.OWGCiJ vmware-tools-distrib
mapping-jiel vmware-config0
mapping-root VMwareDnD
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
rm -ri vmware-root
rm : descend into write-protected directory `vmware-root'? y
rm : remove write-protected regular file `vmware-root /vmware-db .pl.5425'? y
rm : cannot remove `vmware-root /vmware-db .pl.5425': Permission denied
rm : remove write-protected regular file `vmware-root /vmware-db .pl.3785'? n
rm : remove write-protected regular file `vmware-root /vmware-db .pl.3788'? n
rm : remove write-protected regular file `vmware-root /vmware-db .pl.3712'?
[jiel@jiel tmp]$
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mkdir name 创建文件夹
rmdir name删除空文件夹(删除非空文件夹用rm -r)
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[jiel@jiel ~]$
mkdir jiel
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2 jiel
[jiel@jiel ~]$
rmdir jiel
[jiel@jiel ~]$ ls
Desktop firefox-21.0. tar .bz2
[jiel@jiel ~]$
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cat name 查看文本文件
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[jiel@jiel etc]$
cat a2ps.cfg
# a2ps.cfg -*- Makefile -*-
#
# System configuration file for a2ps.
# Copyright (c) 1988-1993 Miguel Santana
# Copyright (c) 1995-2000 Akim Demaille, Miguel Santana
#
#
# This file is part of a2ps.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
# the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
# Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
#
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转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/strongworld/1210362