Describe:
1.String类提供了java中的所有字面量
2.String对象是常量,值不能被修改,要想修改可以通过StringBuffer来操作
3.String类不可变,所以它们是共享的
Contents:
String类提供了 检查字符串序列,字符串比较,查找字符串,截取字符串,大小写转换,编码问题等方法
另外,java提供了,'+'操作字符串,所有对象转换成String类型(Object类提供了ToString方法)
字符串联结是通过StringBuffer和StringBuilder的append方法来实现的,另外是关于码点问题
SourceCode:
//实现Serializable表明可序列化,实现Comparable可通过CompareTo方法比较字符串,CharSequence为字符串序列提供了统一的只读访问
public final class String
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence{
//保存字符
private final char value[];
//保存hashcode值(关于hashcode的意义放在Object中讨论)
private int hash;// Default to 0
//String类的特殊序列化方式(?????涉及较深先放着)
private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =new ObjectStreamField[0];
//默认的构造函数
public String() {
this.value = "".value;
}
//带参数的构造函数(两个相同的字符串需要有相同的字符数组和相同的hash值)
public String(String original) {
this.value = original.value;
this.hash = original.hash;
}
//...省略了很多种的构造方法
//字符串长度
public int length() {
return value.length;
}
//判断字符串是否为空,是判断长度为0
public boolean isEmpty() {
return value.length == 0;
}
//查询字符串某个位子的字符
public char charAt(int index) {
//先检查序号是否正确
if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return value[index];
}
//先比较地址,在将该Object转String后循环比较每个字符数组是否相等
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {
String anotherString = (String)anObject;
int n = value.length;
if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = 0;
while (n-- != 0) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//忽略大小写的比较
public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) {
return (this == anotherString) ? true
: (anotherString != null)
&& (anotherString.value.length == value.length)
&& regionMatches(true, 0, anotherString, 0, value.length);
}
/**
@Parameter boolean ignoreCase 是否忽略大小写
@Parameter int toffset 在这个字符串中,子区域的起始偏移量
@Parameter String other 另外的字符串
@Parameter int ooffset 字符串参数中子区域的起始偏移量
@Parameter int len 要比较的字符数
eg:"abcdef".regionMatches(true, 0, "ABC", 0, 3) return true
*/
//判断部分匹配方法
public boolean regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset,String other, int ooffset, int len) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = other.value;
int po = ooffset;
// Note: toffset, ooffset, or len might be near -1>>>1.
if ((ooffset < 0) || (toffset < 0)
|| (toffset > (long)value.length - len)
|| (ooffset > (long)other.value.length - len)) {
return false;
}
while (len-- > 0) {
char c1 = ta[to++];
char c2 = pa[po++];
if (c1 == c2) {
continue;
}
if (ignoreCase) {
char u1 = Character.toUpperCase(c1);
char u2 = Character.toUpperCase(c2);
if (u1 == u2) {
continue;
}
if (Character.toLowerCase(u1) == Character.toLowerCase(u2)) {
continue;
}
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
//重写compareTo方法,将两个字符串转化为字符数组后比较,返回的是第一个不相等的字符的差
public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
int len1 = value.length;
int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int k = 0;
while (k < lim) {
char c1 = v1[k];
char c2 = v2[k];
if (c1 != c2) {
return c1 - c2;
}
k++;
}
return len1 - len2;
}
//判断字符串是否是从toffset 开始的 包含prefix
public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = prefix.value;
int po = 0;
int pc = prefix.value.length;
// Note: toffset might be near -1>>>1.
if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > value.length - pc)) {
return false;
}
while (--pc >= 0) {
if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
//hashcode的算法
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
char val[] = value;
for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
h = 31 * h + val[i];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}
//截取字符串返回的是一个新的字符串对象
public String substring(int beginIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
}
int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;
if (subLen < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
}
return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}
//将原字符串中的某个字符oldChar 全部变成newChar
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
if (oldChar != newChar) {
int len = value.length;
int i = -1;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while (++i < len) {
if (val[i] == oldChar) {
break;
}
}
if (i < len) {
char buf[] = new char[len];
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
buf[j] = val[j];
}
while (i < len) {
char c = val[i];
buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
i++;
}
return new String(buf, true);
}
}
return this;
}
// 去掉前后空格
public String trim() {
int len = value.length;
int st = 0;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while ((st < len) && (val[st] <= ' ')) {
st++;
}
while ((st < len) && (val[len - 1] <= ' ')) {
len--;
}
return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
}
}