linux dhcp服务搭建

DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),动态主机配置协议，是一个应用层协议。当我们将客户主机ip地址设置为动态获取方式时，DHCP服务器就会根据DHCP协议给客户端分配IP，使得客户机能够利用这个IP上网。

DHCP的前身是BOOTP协议（Bootstrap Protocol）,BOOTP被创建出来为连接到网络中的设备自动分配地址，后来被DHCP取代了，DHCP比BOOTP更加复杂，功能更强大。后面可以看到，在用Wireshark过滤显示DHCP包，需要输入过滤条件BOOTP，而不是DHCP,但或许是因为我使用的Wireshark版本是比较旧的1.12.9,没有在新版本中尝试过，也许可以输入DHCP让其只显示DHCP包

实验环境

centos6.5_x64

实验软件

dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm         

dhcp-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm            

hcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm  

dhcp-devel-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm   

dhcpdump-1.7-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm                   

dhcping-1.2-13.el6.x86_64.rpm                      

portreserve-0.0.4-11.el6.x86_64.rpm     

软件安装

mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt/

find /mnt/Packages/ -name *dhcp*

/mnt/Packages/dhcp-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm

/mnt/Packages/dhcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm

/mnt/Packages/sblim-cmpi-dhcp-1.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mkdir dhcp

cp /mnt/Packages/dhcp-*.rpm /root/dhcp/

cp /mnt/Packages/sblim-cmpi-dhcp-1.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm /root/dhcp/

rpm -ivh /root/dhcp/dhcp-*.rpm  以上几步操作为光盘挂载安装dhcp服务安装包的方法

yum install -y dhcp* 使用yum方式安装

/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start

Starting dhcpd: [FAILED]

less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

#

# DHCP Server Configuration file.

#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample  没有配置文件需要复制一份

#   see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'

#

cp -rv /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {

  range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;

  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;

  option domain-name "internal.example.org";

  option routers 10.5.5.1;

  option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;

  default-lease-time 600;

  max-lease-time 7200;

}                     模板复制和现实网络配置有出入需要修改成现实网络的配置

host passacaglia {

  hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;   模板mac地址需要修改为本机网卡mac地址

  filename "vmunix.passacaglia";

  server-name "toccata.fugue.com";

}

# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {  dhcp网段 子网掩码

  range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;      dhcp地址池

  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;

  option domain-name "internal.example.org"; dhcp域名

  option routers 192.168.1.1;           dhcp网关

  option broadcast-address 192.168.1.254;   广播地址

  default-lease-time 600;

  max-lease-time 7200;

}      

host passacaglia {

  hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:45:17:69;    物理网卡mac地址

  filename "vmunix.passacaglia";

  server-name "toccata.fugue.com";

}                             修改为

service dhcpd restart

Starting dhcpd: [  OK  ]

测试一台linux测试机，ip为自动获得看dhcp服务端有没有分配ip

本文转自 mailfile 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/mailfile/1199150，如需转载请自行联系原作者