css伪元素before/after的常用案例

1.画细线, 普通的border最小高度为1px, 用伪元素+transform属性可以画出小于1px的细线

/* css代码 */
.thin-line {
    height: 40px;
    line-height: 40px;
    position: relative;
    border-top: 1px solid #ff4891;
  }

  .thin-line:after {
    content: "";
    height: 1px;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 0;
    top: auto;
    background-color: #ff4891;
    display: block;
    -webkit-transform-origin: 100% 0;
    transform-origin: 100% 0;
    -webkit-transform: scaleY(0.3);
    transform: scaleY(0.3);
  }
  
  /* html代码 */
  <div class="thin-line">上为1px的线，下为利用伪元素绘制的0.3px的细线</div>
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效果如下:

2.画各种形状的图形

/* css代码 */
  .mt-20 {
    margin-top: 20px;
  }
  
  .title {
    padding: 0 30px;
    position: relative;
  }

  .circle:before {
    content: "";
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 50%;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background-color: #ff4891;
  }

  .rhombus:before {
    content: "";
    width: 10px;
    height: 10px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(45deg);
    background-color: #ff4891;
  }

  .triangle:before {
    content: "";
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    border-left: 10px solid #ff4891;
    border-top: 10px solid transparent;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
  }

  .parallelogram:before {
    content: "";
    width: 12px;
    height: 10px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%) skew(-30deg);
    background-color: #ff4891;
  }

  .isoscelesTrapezoid:before {
    content: "";
    width: 12px;
    height: 10px;
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%) perspective(1px) rotateX(3deg);
    background-color: #ff4891;
  }

  .star-six:before {
    content: "";
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 8px solid transparent;
    border-right: 8px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 16px solid #ff4891;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
  }

  .star-six:after{
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 8px solid transparent;
    border-right: 8px solid transparent;
    border-top: 16px solid #ff4891;
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: calc(50% + 6px);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
  }

  .arrow-right:after {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    height: 10px;
    width: 10px;
    border-width: 2px 2px 0 0;
    border-color: #ff4891;
    border-style: solid;
    transform: matrix(0.71, 0.71, -0.71, 0.71, 0, 0) translateY(-50%);
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
  }
  
/* html代码 */
  <div class="title rhombus mt-20">菱形</div>

  <div class="title circle mt-20">圆形</div>

  <div class="title triangle mt-20">三角形</div>

  <div class="title parallelogram mt-20">平行四边形</div>

  <div class="title isoscelesTrapezoid mt-20">等腰梯形</div>

  <div class="title star-six mt-20">六角星</div>

  <div class="title arrow-right mt-20">箭头</div>
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效果如下：

3.利用伪元素的content属性可以画出各种特殊字符、普通字符等

/* css代码 */
 .book, .step {
    display: inline-block;
    position: relative;
  }

  .book::before {
    content: "《";
    left: -10px;
  }

  .book::after {
    content: "》";
    right: -10px;
  }

  .step::before {
    content: "1";
    left: 0;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    line-height: 20px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-block;
    background: #000;
    color: #ffffff;
    text-align: center;
    margin-right: 8px;
  }
  
 .sun::before{
    content: '\2600';
    font-size: 16px;
  }
 .phoneNumber::before {
    content:'\260E';
    font-size: 16px;
  }
 
/* html代码 */
  <div class="book mt-20">大秦帝国</div><br>
  <div class="step mt-20">步骤一</div><br>
  <div class="sun mt-20"> 太阳</div>
  <div class="phoneNumber mt-20"> 18945645654 </div>
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效果如下：

附：HTML CSS 特殊字符表

4. 画图标

以下效果来自：www.w3cfuns.com/blog-544460…

有大神用伪元素创建了84种小图标，具体可查看 nicolasgallagher.com/pure-css-gu…

伪元素before、after还有很多很多妙用方法，比如做鼠标悬浮时的特效，设置多张背景图，清除浮动等等，在这里就不一一详细说了。

转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5b77984ae51d45389153ad89