Django ORM - 001 - 外键表查询主表信息-CSDN博客

开始用Django做web开发，我想大家都会遇到同样的问题，那就是如何高效快速的查询需要的数据，MVC都很简单，但是ORM折腾起来就有些费时间，我准备好好研究下Django ORM，所以会有一个系列的Blog，欢迎大家讨论拍砖。

1. 如何快速的通过外键表获取主表的信息

演示Class

from django.db import models
import uuid

class Employee(models.Model):
    employee_id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False)    
    user_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = models.EmailField()
    entry_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, editable=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user_name

from django.db import models
from datetime import datetime
from .Employee import Employee
class EmployeeIP(models.Model):
    IP = models.GenericIPAddressField(
        protocol='IPv4', unpack_ipv4=False, max_length=30, unique=True, primary_key=True)
    employee = models.ForeignKey(Employee, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.IP

主要用到Django的 select_related(), 它的作用是实现主外键表的关联查询，一次数据库查询拿到的QuerySet中包含主表的model实例数据，再加上一个生成表达式提取需要的信息，两行代码拿到所有数据，后面注释的是返回的JSON数据

from django.http import JsonResponse
def ip_json(request):
    employee = Employee.objects.get(user_name='admin')

    ip_list2 = EmployeeIP.objects.filter(employee_id=employee.employee_id).select_related()
    ip_list3 = [{"ip": x.IP, "name": x.employee.first_name + ' ' + x.employee.last_name} for x in ip_list2]
return JsonResponse(ip_list3, safe=False)

    '''
        [{
        "name": "Tom",
        "ip": "192.168.1.110"
        }, {
            "name": "Jim",
            "ip": "192.168.1.111"
        }, {
            "name": "Lucy",
            "ip": "192.168.1.112"
        }]
    '''