Keepalived + Nginx + Tomcat 的高可用负载均衡架构搭建
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Nginx 是一个高性能的 HTTP反向代理服务器
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Keepalived 是一个基于VRRP协议来实现的LVS服务高可用方案,可以利用其来避免服务的单点故障
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Tomcat 是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器。
所需下载:
jdk-8u151-linux-x64.rpm apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
服务器准备和规划: IP地址 部署服务 主从关系 192.168.153.128 Nginx+keepalived Maser 192.168.153.129 Nginx+keepalived Slave 192.168.153.130 Java1.8+tomcat7[8080+ tomcat8090] -
Nginx的高可用负载均衡架构
(1)用户通过域名请求到DNS,由DNS解析域名后返回对应的IP地址,该IP及为Keepalived映射服务器的虚拟IP
(2)通过该虚拟IP访问到对应的负载均衡器(Nginx),这里Nginx部署两个,然后通过Keepalived来保证NG的高可用,正常情况下由Keepalived-M将虚拟IP映射转发至Nginx-M,如果Nginx-M出现故障,此时Keepalived会切换至Keepalived-S开始工作,从而保证了NG的单点故障问题。
(3)通过Nginx负载均衡器,将请求路由到对应的Tomcat服务。
搭建Keepalived + Nginx + Tomcat的高可用负载均衡架构
1.安装需要的依赖包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel open openssl-devel
2.安装Nginx服务:
[root@localhost opt]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz [root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2 [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
3.安装keepalived:
[root@localhost opt]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz [root@localhost opt]# cd keepalived-1.3.2/ [root@localhost keepalived-1.3.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --sysconf=/etc/ [root@localhost keepalived-1.3.2]# make && make install
4.配置Nginx服务:
worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_connect_timeout 3; proxy_send_timeout 30; proxy_read_timeout 30; proxy_pass http://localhost; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } upstream localhost { server 192.168.153.130:8080 weight=2; #server 192.168.153.130:8090 weight=2; } }
检查语法并启动Nginx服务:
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
Keepalived服务配置
1.主Keepalived配置(192.168.153.128)
修改keepalived配置文件,vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#! Configuration File for keepalived #全局配置 global_defs { #keepalived切换的时候,发消息到指定的email,可配置多个email notification_email { sinaemail2012@sina.cn } #通知邮件从哪个地址发出 notification_email_from sina@foxmail.com #通知邮件的smtp地址 smtp_server smtp.exmail.qq.com #连接smtp服务器的超时时间,单位秒 smtp_connect_timeout 30 #Keepalived的机器标识,一个网络内保持唯一 router_id nginx-master } #执行脚本配置 vrrp_script chk_nginx { #脚本所在路径 script "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/check_nginx.sh" #脚本执行间隔时间,秒 interval 2 #优先级 weight 2 } #keepalived实例配置 vrrp_instance VI_1 { #指定实例的初始状态,MASTER或BACKUP两种状态,并且需要大写 state MASTER #实例绑定的网卡 interface eth0 #虚拟路由标识,是一个数字,整个VRRP内唯一,如果keepalived配置了主备,需要相同 virtual_router_id 51 #优先级,数值愈大,优先级越高 priority 100 #MASTER与BACKUP之间同步检查的时间间隔,单位为秒 advert_int 1 #通信验证 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } #追踪外围脚本 track_script { #这里配置vrrp_script的名称 chk_nginx } #虚拟ip配置,可配置多个 virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.153.200 } }
Keepalived备服务配置(192.168.153.129):
修改keepalived配置文件,vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#! Configuration File for keepalived
#全局配置
global_defs {
#keepalived切换的时候,发消息到指定的email,可配置多个email
notification_email {
sinaemail2012@sina.cn
}
#通知邮件从哪个地址发出
notification_email_from sina@foxmail.com
#通知邮件的smtp地址
smtp_server smtp.exmail.qq.com
#连接smtp服务器的超时时间,单位秒
smtp_connect_timeout 30
#Keepalived的机器标识,一个网络内保持唯一
router_id nginx-master
}
#执行脚本配置
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
#脚本所在路径
script "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/check_nginx.sh"
#脚本执行间隔时间,秒
interval 2
#优先级
weight 2
}
#keepalived实例配置
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
#指定实例的初始状态,MASTER或BACKUP两种状态,并且需要大写
state MASTER
#实例绑定的网卡
interface eth0
#虚拟路由标识,是一个数字,整个VRRP内唯一,如果keepalived配置了主备,需要相同
virtual_router_id 51
#优先级,数值愈大,优先级越高
priority 99
#MASTER与BACKUP之间同步检查的时间间隔,单位为秒
advert_int 1
#通信验证
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
#追踪外围脚本
track_script {
#这里配置vrrp_script的名称
chk_nginx
}
#虚拟ip配置,可配置多个
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.153.200
}
}
Nginx状态检查脚本创建
新建Nginx的状态检查脚本:check_nginx.sh
vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/check_nginx.sh #!/bin/sh NGINX=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx PORT=80 nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open" #echo $? if [ $? -ne 0 ];then $NGINX -s stop #这里再次尝试启动NG $NGINX sleep 5 nmap localhost -p $PORT | grep "$PORT/tcp open" [ $? -ne 0 ] && cd /usr/local/keepalived/sbin && pkill keepalived echo "stoped" fi
启动keepalive:
[root@localhost ~]#ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/ [root@localhost ~]# keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@localhost ~]#tail -100f /var/log/messages
安装Tomcat并启动(在192.168.153.130上面安装两个tomcat,端口分别为8080、8090即可.)
运行测试
1)为了更直观的查看到keepalived切换的效果,将153.128服务器中的nginx的upstream服务只配置130:8080的tomcat服务地址,153.129服务器中的upstream服务只配置130的tomcat8090服务地址,这样只需要观察将153.128服务器中的nginx关闭看使用虚拟ip是否可以访问到130服务器的tomcat8090即可。
2)分别启动两个服务器中的tomcat、nginx、keepalived,访问虚拟ip:192.168.153.200,可以查看到访问的是主keepalived服务器的tomcat
3)关闭153.128服务器的nginx,nginx -s stop,再次访问虚拟ip,如下:说明主keepalived通过配置的脚本检测到了本服务的nginx服务挂掉了,所以立马切换至了备的keepalived,这时153.129服务器的keepalived升为了主,所以就访问到了130服务器的tomcat8090端口。
至此keepalived+Nginx主从服务就搭建和测试完.
参考文档: