Django实现组合搜索的方法示例

 

一、实现方法

1.纯模板语言实现

2.自定义simpletag实现(本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断)

 

二、基本原理

原理都是通过django路由系统,匹配url筛选条件,将筛选条件作为数据库查询结果,返回给前端。

例如:路由系统中的url格式是这样:

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url(r '^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html' ,views. filter )

其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的,此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候,后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1},然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件,最后得出结果返回给前端

 

三、代码样例

 

方法1:纯模板语言实现

urls.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
from django.conf.urls import url
 
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
   url(r '^$' ,views.index),
   url(r '^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html' ,views. filter ),
]

models.py

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from django.db import models
 
class Category(models.Model):
   caption = models.CharField(max_length = 64 )
 
class Article_type(models.Model):
   caption = models.CharField(max_length = 64 )
 
class Article(models.Model):
   title = models.CharField(max_length = 64 )
   content = models.CharField(max_length = 256 )
   category = models.ForeignKey(to = 'Category' )
   article_type = models.ForeignKey(to = 'Article_type'

views.py

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def filter (request, * args, * * kwargs):
   if request.method = = "GET" :
     condition = {}
     for k,v in kwargs.items():
           kwargs[k] = int (v) #模板if判断row.id是数字,所以这里需要转换
           if v = = "0" : #当条件为0代表所选的是全部,那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中
             pass
           else :
             condition[k] = int (v)
     aritcle=models.Article.objects.filter(**condition)
     aritcle_type = models.Article_type.objects. all ()
     aritcle_category = models.Category.objects. all ()
     return render(request, 'search.html' ,{
       'aritcle' :aritcle,
       'article_type' :aritcle_type,
       'article_category' :aritcle_category,
       'article_arg' :kwargs, #将当前的筛选条件传递给html
     })

html模板

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<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
   < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
   < title >Title</ title >
   < style >
     .container a{
       display: inline-block;
       padding: 3px 5px;
       margin: 5px;
       border: 1px solid #dddddd ;
     }
     .active{
      
 
     }
   </ style >
</ head >
< body >
< h1 >搜索条件</ h1 >
< div class = "container" >
   {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}
     < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a >
   {% else %}
      < a href = "/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a >
   {% endif %}
   {% for row in article_type %}
     {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
       < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</ a >
     {% else %}
       < a href = "/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</ a >
     {% endif %}
   {% endfor %}
</ div >
< div class = "container" >
    {% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %}
     < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a >
   {% else %}
      < a href = "/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >全部</ a >
   {% endif %}
   {% for row in article_category %}
     {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}
     < a class = "active" href = "/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</ a >
     {% else %}
     < a href = "/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" rel = "external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</ a >
     {% endif %}
   {% endfor %}
</ div >
< h1 >查询结果</ h1 >
< div >
   {% for row in aritcle %}
     < div >{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</ div >
   {% endfor %}
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >
 

方法二:使用simpletag实现

定义simpletag

myfilter.py

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 
register = template.Library()
@register .simple_tag
def filter_all(article_arg,condition):
   '''
   处理条件为全部
   :param article_arg: 当前url字典:如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}
   :param condition: 要处理的条件,如article_type_id,用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部
   :return: 返回下面页面形式
   {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}
     <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
   {% else %}
      <a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
   {% endif %}
   {% for row in article_type %}
     {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
       <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
     {% else %}
       <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
     {% endif %}
   {% endfor %}
   '''
   if condition = = 'article_type_id' :
     if article_arg[condition] = = 0 :
       print (article_arg[ 'category_id' ])
       res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'category_id' ]
     else :
       res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'category_id' ]
     return mark_safe(res)
   elif condition = = 'category_id' :
     if article_arg[ 'category_id' ] = = 0 :
       res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ]
     else :
       res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ]
     return mark_safe(res)
 
@register .simple_tag
def filter_type(article_type,article_arg):
   '''
   :param article_type: article_type对象
   :param article_arg: 当前url字典
   :return:
   {% for row in article_type %}
     {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
       <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
     {% else %}
       <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
     {% endif %}
   {% endfor %}
    '''
   res = []
   for row in article_type:
     if row. id = = article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ]:
       temp = '<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row. id ,article_arg[ 'category_id' ],row.caption)
     else :
       temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row. id , article_arg[ 'category_id' ],row.caption)
     res.append(temp)
   return mark_safe("".join(res))
 
@register .simple_tag
def filter_category(article_category,article_arg):
   '''
   :param article_type: article_category对象
   :param article_arg: 当前url字典
   :return:
   {% for row in article_category %}
     {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}
     <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
     {% else %}
     <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
     {% endif %}
   {% endfor %}
    '''
   res = []
   for row in article_category:
     if row. id = = article_arg[ 'category_id' ]:
       temp = '<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ],row. id ,row.caption)
     else :
       temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg[ 'article_type_id' ],row. id ,row.caption)
     res.append(temp)
   return mark_safe("".join(res))

html模板

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{% load myfilter %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
< html lang = "en" >
< head >
   < meta charset = "UTF-8" >
   < title >Title</ title >
   < style >
     .container a{
       display: inline-block;
       padding: 3px 5px;
       margin: 5px;
       border: 1px solid #dddddd ;
     }
     .active{
      
 
     }
   </ style >
</ head >
< body >
< h1 >搜索条件</ h1 >
< div class = "container" >
   {% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %}
   {% filter_type article_type article_arg %}
</ div >
< div class = "container" >
   {% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %}
   {% filter_category article_category article_arg %}
</ div >
< h1 >查询结果</ h1 >
< div >
   {% for row in aritcle %}
     < div >{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</ div >
   {% endfor %}
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >

ps附上简图:

 

四、其他变化

在如上的示例中,我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到,有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段,此时组合搜索会稍微修改。

 

1.model定义

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class Article(models.Model):
   title = models.CharField(max_length = 64 )
   content = models.CharField(max_length = 256 )
   category = models.ForeignKey(to = 'Category' )
   article_type = #使用静态字段放入内存
     ( 1 , 'linux' ),
     ( 2 , 'python' ),
     ( 3 , 'go' ),
   )
 

2.处理函数变化

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###获取####
aritcle_type = models.Article.article_type #直接获取类的静态字段
 

3.simpletag相应改变

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###由于我们传递的元祖,所以取值使用元祖方式
article_type[ 0 ] # 筛选条件id
article_type[ 1 ] # 筛选条件名称

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/wdliu/p/8331375.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/AmilyWilly/p/8537484.html

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