一步一步学Ruby(二十一):文件操作2

1、打开读取文件

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file = File .open( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) file. each  { |line| print "#{file.lineno}. " , line } file.close

输出:

1. 社区 
2. 新闻 
3. 社区 
4. 新闻 
5. 招聘 
6. 博问 
7. 小组  
8. 闪存  
9. 网摘  
10. .NET频道

file.lineno显示的是行号

2、ARGV and ARGF

ARGV

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ARGV  << "cnblogslink.txt"   #The gets method is a Kernel method that gets lines from ARGV print while  gets   p ARGV . class   = begin 输出:    社区    新闻    社区    新闻    招聘    博问    小组     闪存     网摘     . NET 频道    Array = end

ARGF

我们在test.rb里写如下代码：

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while  line = ARGF .gets   print line end

在命令行里执行得到如下结果

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c:\studyruby>test.rb cnblogslink.txt cnblogslink2.txt 社区 新闻 社区 新闻 招聘 博问 小组 闪存 网摘 . NET 频道 社区 新闻 社区 新闻 招聘 博问 小组 闪存 网摘 . NET 频道

3、文件信息查询

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#文件是否存在 p File : :exists ?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => true   #是否是文件 p File .file?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => true   #是否是目录 p File : :directory ?( "c:/ruby"  ) # => true p File : :directory ?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => false   #文件权限 p File .readable?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => true p File .writable?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => true p File .executable?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => false   #是否是零长度 p File .zero?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => false   #文件大小 bytes p File .size?( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => 74 p File .size( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => 74   #文件或文件夹 p File : :ftype ( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => "file"   #文件创建、修改、最后一次存取时间 p File : :ctime ( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => Sat Sep 19 08:05:07 +0800 2009 p File : :mtime ( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => Sat Sep 19 08:06:34 +0800 2009 p File : :atime ( "cnblogslink.txt"  ) # => Sat Sep 19 08:05:07 +0800 2009

4、查找文件

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puts "查找目录下所有文件及文件夹" Dir [ "c:/ruby/*" ]. each  {|x|        puts x }    puts "条件查询" Dir .foreach( 'c:/ruby' ) {      |x| puts x if  x != "."  && x != ".." }    puts "查找某一类型文件" Dir [ "*.rb" ]. each  {|x|    puts x   }    puts "Open 查询" Dir .open( 'c:/ruby' ) { |d| d.grep /l/ }. each {|x| puts x}   puts "---------------------------"      Dir .open( 'c:/ruby' ) { |d| d. each  { |x| puts x } }     puts "正则表达式查询" Dir [ "c:/ruby/ruby/[rs]*" ]. each {|x| puts x}   puts "------------------------" Dir [ "c:/ruby/[^s]*" ]. each {|x| puts x}   puts "------------------------"    Dir [ "c:/ruby/{ruby,li}*" ]. each {|x| puts x}   puts "------------------------"    Dir [ "c:/ruby/?b*" ]. each {|x| puts x}            puts "查找目录及子目录的文件" require 'find'     Find.find( './' ) { |path| puts path }

以上内容得到以下输出：

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>ruby test .rb 查找目录下所有文件及文件夹 c: /ruby/bin c: /ruby/ChangeLog .txt c: /ruby/doc c: /ruby/lib c: /ruby/LICENSE .txt c: /ruby/man c: /ruby/MANIFEST c: /ruby/misc c: /ruby/README .1st c: /ruby/ReleaseNotes .txt c: /ruby/ruby .ico c: /ruby/rubyopt .del c: /ruby/rubyw .ico c: /ruby/samples c: /ruby/scite c: /ruby/share c: /ruby/src c: /ruby/uninstall .exe 条件查询 bin ChangeLog.txt doc lib LICENSE.txt man MANIFEST misc README.1st ReleaseNotes.txt ruby.ico rubyopt.del rubyw.ico samples scite share src uninstall.exe 查找某一类型文件 test .rb test2.rb Open 查询 lib ReleaseNotes.txt rubyopt.del samples uninstall.exe --------------------------- . .. bin ChangeLog.txt doc lib LICENSE.txt man MANIFEST misc README.1st ReleaseNotes.txt ruby.ico rubyopt.del rubyw.ico samples scite share src uninstall.exe 正则表达式查询 ------------------------ c: /ruby/bin c: /ruby/ChangeLog .txt c: /ruby/doc c: /ruby/lib c: /ruby/LICENSE .txt c: /ruby/man c: /ruby/MANIFEST c: /ruby/misc c: /ruby/README .1st c: /ruby/ReleaseNotes .txt c: /ruby/ruby .ico c: /ruby/rubyopt .del c: /ruby/rubyw .ico c: /ruby/uninstall .exe ------------------------ c: /ruby/ruby .ico c: /ruby/rubyopt .del c: /ruby/rubyw .ico c: /ruby/lib c: /ruby/LICENSE .txt ------------------------ 查找目录记子目录的文件 ./ . /test2 .rb . /test2 . /test2/test2 .rb . /test2/test .rb . /test1 . /test .rb . /output . /films .txt . /cnblogslink2 .txt . /cnblogslink .txt . /beans .txt >Exit code: 0

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王德水