我们在做登录的时候往往会加上验证码，然后提交form表单到action验证，然而，传统的这种做法往往验证不通过，返回INPUT页面时，出现验证码图片不显示，并抛出空指针异常，遇到这种情况，通常的解决方法是将action页面跳转到input页面的时候定义成重定向，这样则可以解决图片不显示的问题，并不会抛异常，但验证错误信息和文本框输入信息却不会显示在返回页面，这只是我在实际中遇到的问题，当然，传统做法很可能还会带来诸多各种各样问题，AJAX的使用则彻底解决上述种种问题，下面是一个简易登录页面验证流程：
p_w_picpaths.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="p_w_picpath/jpeg ; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.awt.*,
java.awt.p_w_picpath.*,javax.p_w_picpathio.*,java.io.*"%>
< %@ page import ="com.CreatImage"% >
< %@ taglib uri ="/webwork" prefix ="ww" % >
< !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
< title >Insert title here </title>
</head>
< body >
<%
    response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
    response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
    response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);

    CreatImage c = new CreatImage();
    BufferedImage  p_w_picpath = c.creatImage();
    OutputStream b = response.getOutputStream();
%>
<%ImageIO.write(p_w_picpath, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
 
    //必须添加以下两行否则tomcat下jsp出现getOutputStream() has already been called for this response异常
    out.clear();
    out = pageContext.pushBody();
%>
</body>
</html>
上面页面没有验证图片生成代码，验证图片生成代码写在 com.CreatImage中，然后再jsp页面 < %@ page import ="com.CreatImage"% >导入；
 CreatImage.java:
package com;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.p_w_picpath.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.*;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import com.opensymphony.webwork.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionSupport;

public class CreatImage extends ActionSupport{
   /**
  *
  */
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     public String sRand="";
   Image p_w_picpath = null;
   public Color getRandColor( int fc, int bc){ //给定范围获得随机颜色
    Random random = new Random();
     if(fc>255) fc=255;
     if(bc>255) bc=255;
     int r=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
     int g=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
     int b=fc+random.nextInt(bc-fc);
     return new Color(r,g,b);
    }
   public BufferedImage creatImage(){

   // 在内存中创建图象
     int width=60, height=20;
     BufferedImage p_w_picpath = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

     // 获取图形上下文
     Graphics g = p_w_picpath.getGraphics();

     //生成随机类
     Random random = new Random();

     // 设定背景色
     g.setColor(getRandColor(200,250));
     g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

     //设定字体
     g.setFont( new Font( "Times New Roman",Font.PLAIN,18));


           //画边框
         //g.setColor(new Color());
         //g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);

         // 随机产生155条干扰线，使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
         g.setColor(getRandColor(160,200));
         for ( int i=0;i<155;i++)
         {
       int x = random.nextInt(width);
       int y = random.nextInt(height);
       int xl = random.nextInt(12);
       int yl = random.nextInt(12);
       g.drawLine(x,y,x+xl,y+yl);
         }
         // 取随机产生的认证码(4位数字)
         //String rand = request.getParameter("rand");
         //rand = rand.substring(0,rand.indexOf("."));
        
         String str1=randomStr(4); // 得到随机字符
         HttpSession session = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession();  
      session.setAttribute( "validatenumber",str1);
         for ( int i=0;i<4;i++){
       String rand=str1.substring(i,i+1);
       // 将认证码显示到图象中
        g.setColor( new Color(20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110),20+random.nextInt(110)));
//调用函数出来的颜色相同，可能是因为种子太接近，所以只能直接生成
        g.drawString(rand,13*i+6,16);
         }
         // 图象生效
         g.dispose();
      
         return p_w_picpath;
       }
   // 得到随机字符

   public  String randomStr( int n) {
      String str1 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
      String str2 = "";
       int len = str1.length() - 1;
       double r;
       for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    r = (Math.random()) * len;
    str2 = str2 + str1.charAt(( int) r);
      }
       return str2;
  }

   public void creatvalidatep_w_picpath(){
    HttpSession session = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession();  
          String valnumber = (String)session.getAttribute( "validatenumber");    
          HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
      response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=utf-8");
      PrintWriter out;
           if(validate.equals(valnumber)){
     session.invalidate(); //清空session
     message= "validate success";
     try {
    out = ServletActionContext.getResponse().getWriter();
    out.println(message);
    out.flush();
          out.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
      }
    } else
     session.removeAttribute( "validatenumber");
     message= "validate is error";
     try {
    out = ServletActionContext.getResponse().getWriter();
    out.println(message);
    out.println( "<table>");
    out.println( "<tr>");
    out.println( "<td>userName:<input type='text' id='name' value='"+name+ "'/></td>");
    out.println( "</tr>");
    out.println( "<tr>");
    out.println( "<td>userPassword:<input type='password' id='password' value='"+password+ "'/></td>");
    out.println( "</tr>");
    out.println( "<tr>");
    out.println( "<td>validate:<input type='text' id='validate'/><img     src=\"http://localhost:8088/uploadfile/p_w_picpaths.jsp?a="+Math.random()+"\"/><a href='' οnclick='changeCode()'>看不清,换一张?</a></td>");
    out.println("</tr>");
    out.println("</table>");
    out.flush();
          out.close();
     } catch (IOException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
      }
    
   }
      private String validate;
      private String message;
      private String name;
      private String password;
    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    //    public Image getImage() {
//        return p_w_picpath;
//    }
//    public void setImage(Image p_w_picpath) {
//        this.p_w_picpath = p_w_picpath;
//    }
    public String getValidate() {
        return validate;
    }
    public void setValidate(String validate) {
        this.validate = validate;
    }
}
登录页面：
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
< %@ taglib uri ="/webwork" prefix ="ww" % >
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
%>
< !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" >
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
< title >Insert title here </title>
         < script src="<%=path% >/js/prototype.js"> </script>
     < script >
      function getXML(){
      var name = document.getElementById("name").value;
      var password = document.getElementById("password").value;
      var validate = document.getElementById("validate").value;
      var url=" < %=path % >/upload/creatp_w_picpath.action?password="+password+"&validate="+validate;
      var myAjax = new Ajax.Request(
      url,
      {
          method:'post',
          onComplete:showResponse,
          parameters:"name="+name,
          asynchronous:true
      }
      );
      }
      function showResponse(xmlrequest){
      var text = xmlrequest.responseText;
      document.getElementById("uploadanotherfile").innerHTML=text;
         }
     function changeCode()
      {
       document.getElementById("cc").src="<%=path%>/p_w_picpaths.jsp?a="+Math.random();
    
      }
   </script>
</head>
< body >
< form action="<%=path % >/upload/creatp_w_picpath.action" method="post">    
< div id ="uploadanotherfile" >
< table >
< tr >
< td >userName: < input type ="text" id ="name" value ="<ww:property value="name" />"/> </td>
</tr>
< tr >
< td >userPassword: < input type ="password" id ="password" value ="<ww:property value="password" />"/> </td>
</tr>
< tr >
< td >validate： < input type ="text" id ="validate" > < img   alt =""  id="cc" src="<%=path % >/p_w_picpaths.jsp"/> <a href="#" οnclick="changeCode();">看不清,换一张?</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
< input type ="button" name ="button" value ="submit" onclick ="getXML();" />
</form>
</body>
</html>