新表,从旧表中查出数据插入新表,然后在删除旧表。这样的操作很耗费时间,而且还有可能中断mysql服务。
这里推荐一种方法来提高alter table的操作速度。( 请注意数据备份)
修改数据表的.frm文件,步骤如下:
1、创建一个有相同结构的新表,并进行所需修改(例如增加ENUM常量值)。
2、执行FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK.加锁禁止打开所有表。
3、交换新表和旧表的.frm文件。
4、执行UNLOCK TABLES解锁。
语句实例:修改列user_status
mysql> desc users;
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| user_id | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| user_name | char(125) | NO | | NULL | |
| user_pass | char(32) | NO | | NULL | |
| user_status | enum('0','1') | NO | | NULL | |
| user_type | tinyint(2) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql>create table users_tmp like users;
mysql>alter table users_tmp modify column user_status enum ('0','1','2') default '2';
mysql>desc users_tmp;
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| user_id | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| user_name | char(125) | NO | | NULL | |
| user_pass | char(32) | NO | | NULL | |
| user_status | enum('0','1','2') | YES | | 2 | |
| user_type | tinyint(2) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql>flush tables with read lock;
#-----------------------------------
这里是shell命令
进入mysql的datadir目录交换.frm文件
[root@localhost /var/lib/mysql/test/] cp -a users.frm users.frm.backup
[root@localhost /var/lib/mysql/test/] mv users_tmp.frm users.frm #这个会直接删除删除新建的表user_tmp
#-----------------------------------
mysql>unlock tables;
mysql>desc users;
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| user_id | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| user_name | char(125) | NO | | NULL | |
| user_pass | char(32) | NO | | NULL | |
| user_status | enum('0','1','2') | YES | | 2 | |
| user_type | tinyint(2) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+